孟子“仁政”:上古三代国家治理思想的集大成

Mencius on“Benevolent Government”:The Synthesis of the Governance Theories of the Three Dynasties

“仁政”是孟子描绘天下国家治理思想的一幅宏伟蓝图,是《孟子》一书的思想内核和精神命脉。孟子“仁政”是对上古三代时期国家治理思想的集大成,其中“尧舜之道”是“根”,“三代之治”是“脉”,“周孔之教”是“魂”,并决定它成为深植于中华文化沃土的圣贤集体的智慧结晶。孟子“仁政”并非“载之空言”的简单说教,而是以“施仁政于民”为中心,以“省刑罚”“薄赋税”“深耕易耨”以及“暇日修其孝悌忠信”为基本点,共同构成了一套相对完备的思想学说体系。

Mencius portrays“benevolent government”as a broad vision for state governance,which also serves as the core and substance of his Mencius.Epitomized the governance theories of the Three Dynasties,“benevolent government”takes the“Way of Yao and Shun”as its“root,”the“reigns of the Three Dynasties”as its“thread,”and the“teachings of the Duke of Zhou and Confucius”as its“spirit,”thus making it the collective intelligence of the ancient sages embedded in the Chinese culture.It is not some“didactic generality”,but a well-developed philosophy focused on“practising benevolent government towards the people”by“reducing punishment and taxation,”“getting the people to plough deeply and weed promptly,”and“learning to be good sons and good younger brothers,loyal to their prince and true to their word in the spare time.”