“助推”理论在城轨交通运营管理中的应用研究与实践

Application Research and Practice of“Nudge”Theory in Urban Rail Transit Operation Management

随着城市轨道交通的发展,出行总量持续增加,大众对其基础设施及相关服务也提出新需求。城市轨道交通公共服务供给侧结构性改革的效率和质量,已成为提升服务质量的关键,但已有政策工具偏重强制性规章制度方式,缺乏基于公共服务客体行为的干预工具,因此开展基于“助推”理论研究的柔性管理,对城市轨道交通服务质量改进具有重要意义。基于“助推”理论,开展城市轨道交通行业应用研究,以及北京市地铁运营有限公司在“助推”方面的实践探索,并从“共治”“精治”2个维度提出“助推”方案,通过巧妙的机制设计建立合理的助推着力点,从更加温和、更低成本的角度优化城市轨道交通行业管理方式,为提升北京地铁服务质量及策略优化提供新的技术支撑。

With the progress of urban rail transit,the total traffic volume continues to increase,resulting that the public puts forward new demands for its infrastructure and related services.The efficiency and quality of the supply-side structural reform of urban rail transit public services have become the key to improving service quality.However,existing policy tools focus on mandatory rules and regulations and lack intervention tools based on the behaviors of public service objects.Therefore,flexible management based on“nudge”theory is of great significance for the enhancement of urban rail transit service quality.In line with the theory,the application research of urban rail transit industry and the practical exploration of Beijing Mass Transit Railway Operation Corporation Limited in“nudge”aspect are carried out,and a“nudge”scheme is put forward from two dimensions:“co-governance”and“refined governance”.Through ingenious mechanism design,a reasonable nudge focus is established to optimize the management mode of urban rail transit industry in a more moderate and lower cost manner,providing new technical support for boosting the service quality and strategy optimization of Beijing Subway.