汉字对越南语言文字影响管窥

Study on the Influence of Chinese Characters on Vietnamese Language and Writing

从秦朝将中原罪人“与越杂处”开始,汉语汉字便随着汉文化的传播进入交趾地区,从而对越南的语言文字产生长久影响。这种影响既是直接的,又是间接的,既体现在语音层面,也体现在文字和词汇层面。在语音层面,汉语不仅促进了汉越音系统的形成,而且促进了越南语声调系统及清浊辅音系统的发展与完善。在文字方面,越南的本土文字——喃字无论是在音、义还是构词方法上,都跟汉字密切相关。在词汇方面,汉语为越南语提供了大量的借词词源,为越南语词汇的丰富和发展做出了重要贡献。

From the Qin Dynasty when the Central Plains criminals were“mixed with Vietnam”,Chinese characters entered the Jiaozhi region with the spread of Chinese culture,thus having a long-term impact on the language and writing of Vietnam.This influence is both direct and indirect,reflected at the phonetic level,the textual and lexical levels.At phonetic level,Chinese not only promotes the formation of the Sino Vietnamese phonetic system,but also promotes the development and improvement of the Vietnamese tone system and voiced consonant system.In terms of writing,the local language of Vietnamese Nam-zi is closely related to Chinese characters in terms of pronunciation,meaning,and word formation methods.In terms of vocabulary,Chinese provides a large number of loan word origins for Vietnamese language,and makes an important contribution to the enrichment and development of Vietnamese language vocabulary.