非法吸收公众存款罪的限缩适用及路径探究

Research on the Application of Limitation and Path of the Crime of Illegally Absorbing Deposits from the Public

非法吸收公众存款犯罪作为一种典型的经济类犯罪,在近年呈现普遍多发的态势,其根源在于随着我国经济的飞速发展,中小民营企业对于资金的需求不断增长,但是作为我国企业资金融通主要方式的银行,却存在审批难手续繁杂等问题,无法解决大多数中小民营企业急切的资金需求,故而中小民营企业只得去寻求民间渠道融资。在这样的大背景下,《刑法修正案(十一)》将该罪名的自由刑及罚金刑上限均有所加重,此犯罪的规制目的和入罪背景本就带有时代色彩,其一直以来入罪界限的模糊导致部分合法的民间借贷被错误纳入打击范畴。此外,现行的固定数额入罪门槛规定随着经济的发展也颇显滞后,故而这种过度打击的态势在当前社会和经济环境下存在较大争议。因此,应立足于刑事政策及金融政策的视角来阐述非法吸收公众存款罪之限缩适用的合理性,在立法层面增加行政前置程序的规定,设立适应各地区经济发展情况的入罪门槛以及增加入罪的现实风险性量化指标等做法,将大多数非法吸收公众存款行为去刑罚化,从而实现刑法谦抑性并减轻基层司法资源压力,减轻民营企业负担,提升经济活力。

The crime of illegally absorbing deposits from the public,as a typical economic crime,has shown a widespread trend in recent years.Its root cause is that with the rapid development of China's economy,the demand for funds of small and medium-sized private enterprises continues to grow.However,as the major way of financing enterprises in China,banks have problems such as difficult approval and complex procedures,which cannot meet the urgent funding needs of most small and medium-sized private enterprises.Therefore,they have to turn to private financing channels.In this context,Amendment(XI)to the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China increased the upper limit of the free penalty and fine penalty for this crime.The regulatory purpose and background of this crime already have its characteristics with the times,and the ambiguity of its crime boundary has led to some legitimate private lending being mistakenly included in the scope of the crackdown.In addition,the current fixed amount threshold of crime has also lagged with the development of the economy.Therefore,this excessive crackdown situation is highly controversial in the current social and economic environment.Therefore,the rationality of the limited application of the crime of illegally absorbing public deposits should be elaborated from the perspective of criminal and financial policies.At the legislative level,provisions for administrative prepositional procedures should be added.The threshold of incrimination should be set up to adapt to the economic development situation of each region,and quantitative indicators of the actual risk of incriminating should be added to decriminalize most llegal behaviors of absorbing public deposits,hence achieving the modesty of criminal law and reducing the pressure on grassroots judicial resources,reducing the burden on private enterprises,and enhancing economic vitality.