论《三国志》战争场面描写的发展与创新

On the Development and Innovation of the War Scene Depiction in Three Kingdoms

纪传体和国别体是史书书写的两种常用体例,各有优劣。陈寿扬长避短,用纪传体书写分裂时期的历史,把三国统一为一书,这在体例和编纂方法上本身就是一个创新。他不仅着眼于魏、蜀、吴三国战事的具体描写,而且纵向考察了由汉末群雄纷争到三国分立再到西晋统一的历史发展大势,对三国时期的战事作一个整体性的描写,既有深度又有广度。在战争场面的描写中,陈寿绝少用到心理描写,多采用他人的语言而不是人物自身的语言来表现人物的内心世界;在体现个人价值方面,他浓墨重彩地描写了一些特殊战役和战法,着重表现人才及其谋略对战争胜败的重要性。

Biographical style and national style are two common styles of history writing,and each has its own advantages and disadvantages.Chen Shou,making full use of the advantages and bypassing the disadvantages,wrote the history of the breakaway period in biographical style and united The Three Kingdoms into a book,which itself was an innovation in style and compilation method.He not only focused on the detailed description of the wars of Wei,Shu and Wu,but also made a longitudinal investigation into the historical development trend from the disputes of the late Han Dynasty to the division of The Three Kingdoms and then to the unification of the Western Jin Dynasty.He described the wars of The Three Kingdoms as a whole,both in depth and in breadth.In the description of war scenes,psychological description is rarely used,and the inner world of the characters is expressed in the language of others rather than their own language.In the aspect of personal value,he described some special battles and tactics with great emphasis on the importance of talent and strategy to the victory and defeat of wars.