我国电氢协同发展问题、不同模式经济性分析与政策建议

The Synergy between Electricity and Hydrogen:Model-specific Economical Analysis and Policy Recommendations

氢能是新型能源体系中电能大规模长周期存储和远距离输送的重要载体,将氢能融入电力系统为大规模可再生能源电力消纳利用提供了新的解决方案。当前电氢协同仍然存在电解水制氢成本高、资源与需求不匹配、基础设施不完善、体制机制不适应等问题。为此,本文重点从生产、储运两个环节分析了不同电氢协同典型模式的经济性,研究发现电氢协同系统在降低绿氢生产成本、可再生能源远距离输送,以及电力系统大规模储能等方面具有一定优势。基于上述研究结论,本文进一步探讨了近、中、远期电氢协同的发展前景,并从战略规划、关键技术、体制机制等层面,提出了推动电氢协同的政策建议。

Hydrogen is an important large-scale and long-duration energy carrier in the new energy system.The coordination between electricity and hydrogen provides a novel solution to accommodating large-scale variable renewable electricity.Currently,the electricity-hydrogen coordination faces a series of challenges including high production cost of electrolysis-based hydrogen,the mismatch between hydrogen supply and demand,the shortage of hydrogen transmission and distribution infrastructure as well as institutional and mechanical barriers.This paper therefore conducts a study on electricity-hydrogen coordination models among production,transport,and storage stages.Based on the tech-economic analysis,we evaluate the long-term potential of electricity-hydrogen coordination and provide policy recommendations in terms of strategic planning,technological demonstrations,and institutional innovations.