战时经济与苏区消费合作社制度建设研究

Study of the Wartime Economy and Construction of the Consumer Cooperative System in the Soviet Areas

发展农村消费合作社是土地革命战争时期中共进行革命斗争的一种重要方式。中共在苏区独立自主开展消费合作社实践并逐步建立相关制度,解决战时物资需求并持续动员农民支援革命。其间,革命队伍战时经济需求与群众生活需求、合作社制度与具体实践之间的双重张力,又推动中共结合战时农村实际情况进行调适,初步构建起具有经济、政治、军事动员效应的农村消费合作社制度体系,使苏区消费合作社建设经历了从无到有、从各自为政到初步制度化的过程。

The development of rural consumer cooperatives was an important method in the revolutionary struggle of the CPC during the period of the Agrarian Revolutionary War.The CPC independently carried out the establishment of consumer cooperatives in the Soviet areas and gradually introduced related systems,thus solving wartime material needs and continuously mobilizing peasants to support the revolution.During this period,the dual tensions between the wartime economic needs of the revolutionary forces and the living needs of the masses,and between the cooperative system and specific practices,prompted the CPC to make adjustments in accordance with the actual situation in the rural areas and to introduce a preliminary framework to construct a rural consumer cooperative system that included economic,political,and military mobilization effects.This process marked the transformation of the consumer cooperatives in the Soviet areas from non-existence to existence and from individualistic approaches to an initial structured system.