哲学诠释学的黑格尔主义困境及可能的出路——从“视域融合”到“身心交融”

The Dilemma of Hegelianism in Philosophical Hermeneutics and the Possible Solutions:From“the Fusion of Horizons”to“the Integration of Body and Mind”

伽达默尔在海德格尔基础存在论的基础上,赋予时间间距以诠释的创造性价值,提出了“视域融合”的诠释学模式,以此取代并拓展了施莱尔马赫“设身处地”的方法论诠释学。时间间距的创造性价值是其本体诠释学的核心内容,它体现在过滤功能和效果历史这两个方面。但是,由于伽达默尔过于强调效果历史中的时代视域的融合,没有看到作为个体差异的“空间间距”在诠释过程中可能具有的创造性价值,使其最终走向了黑格尔主义。结合胡塞尔有关视域跟身体的内在关系的论述,我们发现赋予身体在诠释中的创造性价值,可以有效克服黑格尔主义的主体性困境。此种“身心交融”的诠释模式正是宋儒读经法的一个基本预设。

On the basis of Heidegger s fundamental ontology,Gadamer endowed time intervals with creative value for interpretation and proposed a hermeneutic model of“fusion of horizons”,which replaced and expanded Schleiermacher s“empathizing”methodological hermeneutics.The creative value of time interval is the core content of such ontological hermeneutics,which is reflected in two aspects:filtering function and effective history.However,because Gadamer overemphasized the fusion of the time horizon in the effective history,he did not see the possible creative value of“space distance”as an individual difference in the interpretation process,which led to Hegelianism.According to Husserl s discussion on the internal relationship between vision and body,we find that giving the body creative value in interpretation can effectively overcome the dilemma of subjectivity of Hegelianism.This interpretative model of“the integration of body and mind”is a basic premise of the method of reading classics by the Confucian scholars of the Song dynasty.