人体及生命体类比视角下的城市研究——回顾与展望

RESEARCH ON CITIES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ANALOGY TO HUMAN BODY AND LIVING ORGANISMS:RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT

城市与人体/生命体之间存在诸多相似,如复杂性、自组织性、周期性、网络结构等根本特性,以及新陈代谢、异速生长等共同规律。人类对城市的认识已逐步从最初的“空间机器”转向“有机生命体”。回顾和总结人体及生命体视角下城市研究成果,生命科学深刻影响了城市规划理论与实践,同时,生命科学的理论和研究方法也为解决城市发展问题提供了新的思路。城市科学和生命科学的交叉领域(可称为“城市生命体”研究)基于城市的生命体特征,结合21世纪生命科学和城市化这两个最重要的发展趋势,在城市基础设施建设与管理、城市代谢、城市发展与治理等诸多领域都具有广阔的发展和应用前景。

There are many similarities between cities and human body/living organisms,such as their fundamental characteristics:complexity,selforganization,periodicity and network structure,as well as common laws:metabolism and allometry.In addition,we have gradually shifted our view on cities from an initial“space machine”to an“organic living organism”.Reviewing and summarizing urban studies from the perspective of human body and living organisms,this paper finds that life science has profoundly affected urban planning theories and practices,and that the theory and research methods of life science provide new ideas for solving problems in urban development.The interdisciplinary research of urban science and life science(can be called the“Urban Organism”study)is based on the characteristics of the urban living organism,as well as the two most important trends of“life science”and“urbanization”in the 21st century.Accordingly,it has broad prospects in many fields,such as urban infrastructure construction and management,urban metabolism,and urban development and governance.