中国传统韧性智慧及其对现代城市建设的启示

CHINESE TRADITIONAL WISDOM OF RESILIENCE AND ITS ENLIGHTENMENT TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF CONTEMPORARY CITIES

中华文明绵延数千年而未断,其存续发展蕴含着深刻的韧性智慧,纵观中国古代城市建设及弥灾制度,无论是城市建设与自然协调、城市防灾设施建设,还是国家控灾制度的演进,其过程都体现着我国古代传统韧性智慧的思想底蕴,尽管传统城市规划韧性思想与制度错综复杂,远未形成完整的体系,其典型的礼制规划思想与天人合一的山水自然观在某些方面也已然不适应于当前城市发展,但其中也不乏值得借鉴的思想与技术智慧。文章对古代典型书著典籍、历史人物、城市建设实践三个方面所呈现的传统韧性智慧进行了回顾与梳理,总结古代各时期韧性安全思想的特点与整体发展历程,认为我国传统韧性智慧主要体现在从被动自然适应走向系统主观追求的韧性思想演进、感性与理性交织的韧性诉求、安全导向的韧性工程建设等方面,并从建造技术、组织管控、社会机制、经济调控四个方面总结对现代韧性城市理论与建设的启示。

Chinese civilization has been developed for thousands of years and contains profound resilience wisdom.Throughout the ancient Chinese urban construction and disaster mitigation system,whether it is the coordination between urban construction and nature,the construction of urban disaster prevention facilities,or the evolution of the national disaster control system,the process reflects the ideological underpinnings of China's ancient traditional wisdom of resilience.Although the traditional ideas and systems of urban planning resilience are complex and far from forming a complete system,and their typical ritual planning ideas and the natural view of the landscape of the unity of heaven and man are in some aspects no longer suitable for the current urban development,there are ideas and technical wisdom worth learning.By systematically reviewing and sorting out the traditional wisdom of resilience presented in three aspects:ancient classic books and canons,historical figures,and urban construction practices,the article summarizes the characteristics and overall development history of resilient safety thinking in various ancient periods and concludes that China's traditional wisdom of resilience is mainly reflected in the evolution of resilience thinking from passive natural adaptation to systematic subjective pursuit,the interweaving of emotional and rational demands for resilience,safety-oriented resilience engineering construction,and other aspects.It also summarizes the inspiration for modern resilient city theory and construction from four aspects:construction technology,organizational control,social mechanism,and economic regulation.