“健康中国”背景下复合型公共卫生人才培养模式的研究与实践

Research and practice of compound public health talents training modeunder the background of “Healthy China”

目的 探索“健康中国”背景下复合型公共卫生专业人才培养模式。方法 选取牡丹江医学院2017级预防医学专业本科生为试验组,共两个班56人,采用复合型人才培养模式;选取2016级预防医学专业本科生为对照组,共两个班57人,采用传统培养模式。比较两种培养模式的培养效果。结果 在专业技术水平培养方面,试验组专业核心课程平均成绩为(88.71±9.01)分,高于对照组的(83.58±8.83)分(P=0.003);试验组实验技能操作成绩为(87.63±7.21)分,高于对照组的(81.20±6.63)分(P<0.001)。在岗位胜任能力培养方面,试验组岗位胜任能力总分(85.57±7.04),高于对照组的(80.97±6.52)分(P<0.001),其中自主学习、交流沟通、团队协作、决策分析和应急管理五个方面能力均优于对照组。在科研创新能力培养方面,试验组学生大创项目申报率为17.86%(10/56),高于对照组的5.26%(3/57)(P=0.036);试验组科研论文发表率为21.43%(12/56),高于对照组的5.26%(3/57)(P=0.011);试验组毕业(设计)论文成绩为(86.37±5.36)分,高于对照组的(83.04±4.46)分(P<0.001);试验组学生的健康素养具备率为62.50%(35/56),高于对照组的42.11%(24/57)(P=0.030),主要表现在健康生活方式和行为及基本技能两个维度上(P分别为0.048和0.029)。结论 复合型公共卫生专业人才培养模式能全面提升预防医学专业学生执业能力,对于高等医学院校公共卫生人才培养具有较强的实用性和参考价值。

Objective To explore the training mode of compound public health professional talents under the background of“Healthy China”.Methods Preventive medicine undergraduates of Mudanjiang Medical University who enrolled in 2017 were selected as the experimental group with 56 students in two classes,and the compound talent training mode was adopted.Preventive medicine undergraduates who enrolled in 2016 were selected as the control group with 57 students in two classes,and the traditional training mode was adopted.The training effect of the two training modes were compared.Results In terms of professional technical training,the average score of the core courses of the experimental group(88.71±9.01)was higher than that of the control group(83.58±8.83,P=0.003),and the experimental skill performance(87.63±7.21)was also higher than that of the control group(81.20±6.63,P<0.001).In terms of post competency training,the total score of post competency in the experimental group(85.57±7.04)was higher than that of the control group(80.97±6.52,P<0.001),among which the ability of independent learning,communication,teamwork,decision analysis and emergency management were all better than those of the control group.In terms of scientific research innovation ability training,the application rate of students in the experimental group was 17.86%(10/56),higher than that of the control group(5.26%,3/57,P=0.036),and the publication rate of scientific research papers of the experimental group was 21.43%(12/56),also higher than that of the control group(5.26%,3/57,P=0.011).The graduation(design)thesis score(86.37±5.36)of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group(83.04±4.46,P<0.001).The health literacy rate of students in the experimental group was 62.50%(35/56),higher than that of the control group(42.11%,24/57,P=0.030),which was mainly manifested in the two dimensions of healthy lifestyle,behavior and basic skills(P was 0.048 and 0.029 respectively).Conclusion The training mode of compound public health professionals can comprehensively improve the practicing ability of preventive medicine students,and has strong practical and promotion value for the training of public health talents in higher medical colleges and universities.