生酮饮食——朋友还是敌人?

Ketogenic diets-friend or foe?

饮食疗法是一种方便快捷的治疗方式,在多种疾病的治疗上发挥了重要的作用。高脂肪、低碳水化合物的生酮饮食用于治疗癫痫已有近一个世纪的历史。虽然抗癫痫药物的发展让生酮饮食一度被冷落,但是近年来对生酮饮食相关研究却呈现出爆炸式的增长,也陆续发现生酮饮食在精神心理疾病、慢性疾病乃至肿瘤中的积极作用。然而,它也会因为诸如低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平上升、肝脏负担加重、骨密度降低等不良反应而让许多医生对其犹豫不决。本文拟从糖脂代谢、肠道菌群等角度介绍生酮饮食对人体代谢的影响,总结其在阿尔茨海默病、抑郁症、糖尿病、肥胖,甚至肿瘤中的积极作用,及生酮饮食的不良反应,为阐明饮食来源的营养干预策略的潜在应用价值提供新的思路。

Diet is a convenient and quick treatment. The high-fat, low-carb ketogenic diet has been used to treat epilepsy for nearly a century. Although ketogenic diet has been neglected by the development of antiepileptic drugs, the related research on ketogenic diet has shown an explosive growth in recent years, and it has been found that ketogenic diet plays a positive role in mental and psychological diseases, chronic diseases and even tumors. However, it can also cause LDL levels to rise, making many doctors hesitant. This paper aims to introduce the effects of ketogenic diet on human metabolism from the perspective of glycolipid metabolism and intestinal flora,summarize its positive effects in Alzheimer's disease, depression, diabetes, obesity and even tumors, and highlight the potential side effects of ketogenic diet, providing new ideas for clarifying the potential application value of dietary intervention strategies.