民初中美知识交流及其对美国的影响——以来华美国专家顾问为中心

China-U.S.Knowledge Exchange in the Early Republic China and Its Impact on the U.S.:A Study Centered on American Expert Advisors to China

20世纪初,成长为世界大国的美国开始寻求在世界舞台上发挥更大的影响力,适逢中国爆发辛亥革命,这为美国提供了机会。民国初年,卡内基基金会委派艾略特、古德诺、韦罗贝和韦罗璧等学者赴华,试图以知识和理性影响民国的“共和试验”,特别是制宪问题。然而,这些专家学者更多参与到两国学术交往活动中,中美之间由此形成一个跨国知识网络,呈现出非政府组织、专家学者和思想观念跨国双向流动的态势。这一网络的兴起,不仅影响了中国的学术与政治,也改变了美国的知识生产和对华认知,更新了美国的国际法观念并对其对华政策产生一定影响。

In the early 20th century,as the United States grew into a world power,it sought to exert greater influence on the world stage,this coincided with the outbreak of the 1911 Revolution in China,which provided an opportunity for the U.S.to change China.In the early republican period,Carnegie Endowment for International Peace sent scholars such as Charles Eliot,Frank Goodnow,William F.Willoughby,and Westel W.Willoughby to China,trying to influence Chinese“republican experiment”with knowledge and reason,especially the making of the constitution.However,these scholars became more involved in academic interactions,thus forming a transnational knowledge network between China and the U.S.,showing a two-way dynamic of transnational flows of NGOs,experts,and ideas.The emergence of this network not only influenced Chinese academics and politics,but also changed American knowledge production and perceptions of China,renewed American conceptions of international law and had some influence on its foreign policy towards China.