势与时移:“八厘公债案”与“二次革命”后的政局

The Shift of the Time and Power:Bali Bonds Case and Chinese Political Situation after the Second Revolution

“八厘公债案”是民初轰动一时的财政大案,涉及众多政商名流。此案主要由收购日晖呢厂和抵押借款两部分构成。此案由平政院审理后,涉及刑事犯罪部分移交大理院继续审理。大理院预审后,应德闳免于正式起诉。与以往观点不同,新开放档案表明,袁世凯并未刻意制造此案诬陷程德全和应德闳,而是利用此案以达其他政治目的。袁世凯升级此案并非只为打击程、应,而主要是为打击张謇及其江浙派。“二次革命”后,北洋派与中间派、地方势力的矛盾凸显,时势的转换促使袁世凯等人做出打击昔日盟友江浙派的决策。“二次革命”不能仅被视为“辛亥革命”失败因素累积的自然结果,其所带来的矛盾转换与势力重组,是新的革命浪潮到来的重要契机。

The Bali Bonds Case was an important fiscal case that caused a public sensation at the beginning of the Republic of China,involving many political and business celebrities.The case mainly consisted of the acquisition of Rihui wool weaving factory and mortgage loan.After the case was tried by the Administrative Court(Pingzheng Yuan),the criminal part involved was transferred to the Supreme Court(Dali Yuan)for continuing trial.After pretrial by Supreme Court,Ying Dehong was exempted from formal prosecution.Different from previous views,it can be seen from the newly opened archives that Yuan Shikai did not deliberately create this case to frame Cheng Dequan and Ying Dehong,but used this case to achieve other political purposes.Yuan Shikai escalated the case not only to attack Cheng and Ying,but mainly to attack Zhang Jian and his Jiangzhe faction.After the Second Revolution,the contradictions between the Beiyang faction and the centrists,local forces became prominent.The shift of the time and power prompted Yuan Shikai to make a decision to attack Jiangzhe faction which was former ally.The Second Revolution can not only be regarded as the natural result of the accumulation of failure factors of the Revolution of 1911.The contradiction transformation and force reorganization brought about by the Second Revolution was an important opportunity for the arrival of the new revolutionary wave.