全面抗战时期广东统一币制政策探析

A Study on Guangdong’s Policy of Unifying Currency System during the Anti-Japanese War

法币改革是国民政府为统一全国币制而实施的一项重要政策。1936年7月陈济棠下野后,中央与广东地方当局商定币制改革方案,计划逐步以国币取代毫券。全面抗战爆发后,广东地方当局不得不因应形势需要延用毫券,形成“券币并行”的货币格局。为推进白银国有政策,广东地方当局积极收买白银,但效果极其有限。在此背景下,毫券和国币先后遭受歧视、低折,券币比率急剧变动。为稳定货币金融市场,广东地方当局采取措施维持与调整券币比率,确立了“币主券辅”的货币关系。这说明法币政策的推行是一个艰难而曲折的历史进程,在战时信用危机之下,广东地方当局努力探索维持货币信用的路径,实现了形式特殊的地域性币制统一。

The Fabi reform was an important policy of the National Government in its attempt to unify the national currency system.After Chen Jitang stepped down in July 1936,the central government and the local authorities of Guangdong decided on a monetary reform plan to gradually replace the Guangdong currency with the legal tender.After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War,the Guangdong authorities had to permit the use of the Guangdong currency to adapt to the situation,resulting in a monetary pattern where both the Guangdong currency and the legal tender were used concurrently.To promote the state-owned policy of silver,Guangdong authorities actively exchanged silver,but with limited success.In this context,the Guangdong currency and the legal tender suffered discrimination and low discounts,and the exchange rate between Guangdong currency and legal tender fluctuated violently.To stabilize the monetary and financial market,the Guangdong authorities implemented measures to maintain and adjust the exchange rate,ultimately established a national-local currency relationship with the legal tender standard and the Guangdong currency as fractional currency.This demonstrates that unifying the currency system was a complex and tortuous historical process.Amidst the financial pressure and credit crisis caused by the war,local authorities of Guangdong made significant efforts to maintain the currency credit,and ultimately achieved the regional currency system unification in a unique form.