摘要
关键矿产是实现清洁能源转型的核心资源,其战略价值成为塑造一国电动汽车制造、电子等产业核心竞争优势的底层变量。能源转型增加大国关键矿产需求,大国博弈引发关键矿产供应风险。日本作为全球制造强国高度依赖海外关键矿产供应,日本如何确保关键矿产供应链安全成为一个值得探讨的学术问题。关键矿产与日本支柱产业创新发展具有高度关联性,上游集中化、中游冶炼能力不足、下游供需矛盾是日本关键矿产供应链风险的基本特征。日本于2020年颁布了《新国际资源战略》,试图构建一个以多元供应、循环利用与国家储备作为关键矿产供应链保障三大支柱,以资源外交、冶炼能力、战略嵌套作为关键手段,以探采技术、冶炼技术、节约技术作为核心支撑的关键矿产供应链保障体系。加强国内冶炼加工能力是日本关键矿产供应链保障的重要发力点,日本试图将其打造为全球关键矿产二次回收原料循环利用供应链的核心强国。日本如何平衡关键矿产供应链保障与清洁能源转型、大国博弈安全困境,是观察中日经济与政治关系的新视角,也是对日本外交关系灵活性和审慎性的新考验。
Critical minerals are a core resource for achieving clean energy transition,and their strategic value becomes an underlying variable that shapes the core competitive advantage of a country's electric vehicle manufacturing,electronics and other industries.Energy transition increases the demand for critical minerals by major powers,and major power competition triggers the supply risk of critical minerals.Japan,as a global manufacturing powerhouse,highly depends on overseas supply of critical minerals.How Japan ensures the security of its critical minerals supply chain is an academic issue worth exploring.Critical minerals are highly related to the innovation and development of Japan's pillar industries.The basic characteristics of Japan's critical minerals supply chain risk are upstream concentration,insufficient midstream smelting capacity,and downstream supply-demand contradiction.Japan launched the New International Resource Strategy in 2020,aiming to establish a critical minerals supply chain security system that relies on three pillars of diversified supply,recycling and national reserve,three key means of resource diplomacy,smelting capacity and strategic nesting,and three core supports of exploration and mining technology,smelting technology and efficiency technology.Strengthening domestic smelting and processing capacity is an important point of force for Japan's critical minerals supply chain security,aiming to make it a core power of the global critical minerals secondary recycled material recycling supply chain.How Japan balances the security of its critical minerals supply chain with clean energy transition and major power competition security dilemma is a new perspective to observe China-Japan economic and political relations,and also a new test for Japan's diplomatic relations flexibility and prudence.
作者
刘雪莲
康喜顺
LIU Xuelian;KANG Xishun(School of Public Administration,Jilin University,Changchun,J ilin,130012,China)
出处
《现代日本经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第5期27-41,共15页
Contemporary Economy OF Japan
基金
教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目“中国丝绸之路经济带建设的地缘政治环境及地缘战略研究”(16JZD027)。
关键词
能源转型
大国博弈
关键矿产
供应链风险
保障措施
energy transition
major power competition
critical minerals
supply chain risk
security measure