饲养方式对黔北麻羊生产性能、肉质、免疫和抗氧化性能的影响

Effects of Feeding Regime on Production Performance,Meat Quality,Immunity and Antioxidation of Qianbei Ma Goat

试验旨在系统研究黔北麻羊在不同饲养方式下的生产性能、肉质、免疫和抗氧化性能变化,以期为高产、优质、健康羊肉生产提供科学支撑。选取体重[(19.68±1.60)kg]相近、健康的黔北麻羊公羊26只,随机分为放牧组与舍饲组,每组13只。放牧组采用传统放牧饲养,舍饲组饲喂全价颗粒饲料,预试期10 d,正试期180 d,试验结束后每组选取3只羊进行屠宰,比较两组生产性能、肉质、免疫和抗氧化性能。结果表明:(1)在生产性能方面,舍饲组较放牧组在试验终末体重、平均日增重、胴体重、屠宰率、净肉重、肉骨比、剪切力、熟肉率方面有更好的生产表现,但皮板更薄、眼肌面积更小、骨更轻、pH更高,其中两组间肉骨比达到了差异显著水平(P<0.05)。(2)肉质营养成分方面,舍饲组与放牧组16种氨基酸中,甘氨酸、酪氨酸、脯氨酸含量差异显著(P<0.05),其他13种氨基酸和总氨基酸含量无显著差异;蛋白质、脂肪、胆固醇含量放牧组均高于舍饲组,但两组之间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。(3)免疫和氧化性能方面,舍饲组免疫指标γ干扰素高于放牧组(P<0.05),溶菌酶低于放牧组(P<0.05),过氧化评估指标丙二醛(MDA)和4个抗氧化指标之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上,黔北麻羊舍饲饲养产肉能力较放牧更强,饲养方式对肉质和抗氧化性能影响较小,但放牧饲养的免疫调节能力更好,建议舍饲时配套合适的室内(外)运动场,可以在提高产肉能力的同时保障机体免疫和健康。

The objective of this study was to systematically assess the changes of production performance,meat quality,immune and antioxidant properties of Qianbei Ma goat under different feeding method,so as to provide scientific support for high-yield,high-quality and healthy mutton production.Twenty six healthy Qianbei Ma goat rams with similar body weight[(19.68±1.60)kg]were randomly and averagely divided into grazing and stallfeeding groups.The grazing group was fed with traditional grazing,and the stall-feeding group was fed with full price pellet feed.The pre test period was 10 days,and the trial period was 180 days.After the test,three goat in each group were slaughtered to compare the production performance,meat quality,immunity and antioxidant performance of the two groups.The results showed that:①in terms of production performance,compared with the grazing group,the stall-feeding group had better production performance in terms of final body weight,average daily gain,carcass weight,slaughter rate,net meat weight,meat to bone ratio,shearing force,cooked meat rate,but the skin was thinner,loin eye area was smaller,bone was lighter,pH was higher,with a significant difference in meat to bone ratio(P<0.05).②In terms of meat nutrient composition,the contents of glycine,tyrosine and proline in the 16 kinds of amino acids in the stall-feeding and grazing groups were significantly different(P<0.05),while the contents of other 13 kinds of amino acids and total amino acids had no significant difference;The contents of protein,fat and cholesterol in the grazing group were higher than those in the stall-feeding group,but there was no difference between the two groups.③In terms of immune and antioxidant properties,immune indicators of the stall-feeding groupγinterferon was higher than that in grazing group(P<0.05),lysozyme was lower than that in grazing group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between MDA and four antioxidant indexes(P>0.05).In conclusion,the meat carrying capacity of Qianbei Ma goat is stronger in stall-feeding than in grazing.The feeding regimens has a small impact on meat quality and antioxidant performance.However,the immune regulation ability of grazing feeding is better,and it is suggested that a suitable indoor(outside)sports field should be equipped in stall-feeding,which can improve the meat production capacity while protecting the immunity and health of the goat.