干旱地区向日葵与谷子间作的土地生产力及种间竞争力的研究

Study on Land Productivity and Interspecific Competition of Sunflower and Millet Intercropping in Arid Areas

在辽宁西部阜新、朝阳旱区,以耐旱作物向日葵与谷子进行间作试验,设置向日葵与谷子单作(SCK、MCK)及2:2、2:4、2:6、4:4、4:6行比间作7个处理,探讨向日葵与谷子间作的土地生产力、种间竞争能力及最佳间作模式。结果表明,间作下,向日葵单株籽粒产量随间作行比减小而增加(2行>4行>SCK);谷子的单穗籽粒产量随行数减少而降低(MCK>6行>4行>2行)。向日葵与谷子间作具有产量和经济效益优势,朝阳地区4:4间作优势最强,增产195.3kg/hm^(2),经济效益提高13.24%;2:4间作在阜新和朝阳地区的经济效益分别提高6.53%和11.65%。阜新地区2:4间作的土地当量比最高(1.07),朝阳地区2:4和4:4间作分别为1.09和1.12。实际产量损失和相对拥挤系数分析也说明2:4和4:4间作比单作具有更高的土地生产力。综上所述,辽西干旱地区向日葵与谷子2:4和4:4行比间作具有增加产量和提高经济效益的优势,可以推广应用。

In the arid areas of Fuxin and Chaoyang in western Liaoning,the intercropping experiment was carried out with the drought-tolerant crops of sunflower and millet,and the sunflower and millet monoculture(SCK、MCK)and seven row proportions of 2:2,2:4,2:6,4:4,4:6 were set to explore the land productivity and interspecific competition ability of sunflower and millet intercropping and the best intercropping mode.The results showed that,the grain yield per plant of sunflower increased with the reduction of the intercropping row ratio(two rows>four rows>SCK);the grain yield per plant of millet decreased with the reduction of the number of rows(MCK>six rows>four rows>two rows).The intercropping of sunflower and millet had the advantages of yield and economic benefit.The 4:4 intercropping in Chaoyang had the strongest advantage,the yield was increased by 195.3kg/ha,and the economic benefit was increased by 13.24%.The economic benefits of 2:4 intercropping in Fuxin and Chaoyang areas increased by 6.53%and 11.65%,respectively.The land equivalent ratio of 2:4 intercropping in Fuxin areas was the highest(1.07);the 2:4 and 4:4 intercropping in Chaoyang were 1.09 and 1.12,respectively.The actual yield loss and relative crowding coefficient also indicated that 2:4 and 4:4 intercropping had higher land productivity than monoculture.To sum up,the 2:4 and 4:4 intercropping of sunflower and millet had the advantages of increasing yield and improving economic benefits,and could be popularized and applied in the arid areas in western Liaoning.