不同茬口晚播小麦喷施链霉菌剂对产量及光合特性的影响

Effects of Spraying Streptomyces on Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Late-Sown Wheat under Different Crop Rotations

为探究不同茬口晚播小麦喷施链霉菌剂对生产效应的影响,以娄彻氏链霉菌(D74)为供试菌剂,采用裂区设计,主区为2种前茬作物茬口(大豆茬口和玉米茬口),副区为4个链霉菌剂喷施处理,分别为CK(拔节期+灌浆期均喷施清水)、JS(拔节期喷施D74+灌浆期喷施清水)、FS(拔节期喷施清水+灌浆期喷施D74)、JF(拔节期+灌浆期均喷施D74),研究不同茬口晚播小麦喷施链霉菌剂对产量及其构成要素、光合特性及生理性状的影响。结果表明,大豆茬口各处理的平均成穗数、产量和灌浆期的植被指数均高于玉米茬口,穗粒数、千粒重和灌浆中期的旗叶净光合速率(P_(n))则低于玉米茬口。链霉菌剂处理对晚播小麦的穗粒数、千粒重、产量、灌浆后期的旗叶P_(n)、植被指数和灌浆中期的叶绿素含量均有显著影响,均表现为JF>FS>JS>CK。相关分析表明,2种茬口晚播小麦喷施链霉菌剂的产量与穗粒数、千粒重及灌浆中、后期的旗叶P_(n)、叶绿素含量和植被指数均呈显著正相关(大豆茬口灌浆中期的植被指数除外)。综合评价表明,2种茬口晚播小麦喷施链霉菌剂各处理的评价系数均大于CK处理,其中灌浆期喷施效果要明显好于拔节期喷施,拔节期+灌浆期2次喷施效果最佳。

In order to explore the effects of spraying streptomyces on the production of late-sown wheat under different crop rotations,streptomyces roche(D74)was used as the test microbial agent,and a split-plot design was adopted,with the main plot consisting of two different crop rotations(previous crop soybean and previous crop maize),and the sub plot consisting of four periods of spraying streptomyces,including CK(spraying water at both jointing and filling stages),JS(spraying D74 at jointing stage and spraying water at filling stage),FS(spraying water at jointing stage and spraying D74 at filling stage),JF(spraying D74 at both jointing and filling stages),respectively.The effects of spraying streptomyces on yield and its components,photosynthetic characteristics and physiological characteristics of late-sown wheat under different crop rotations were studied.The results showed that the average spike number,yield and vegetation index in the filling stage of soybean stubble were higher than those of maize stubble,while the grains per spike,1000-grain weight,and net photosynthetic rate(P_(n))of flag leaf in the middle filling stage were lower than those of maize stubble.Streptomyces treatment had significant effects on the grains per spike,1000-grain weight,yield,P_(n) of flag leaf at the late filling stage,vegetation index and chlorophyll content at the middle filling stage of late-sown wheat,all of which were JF>FS>JS>CK.The correlation analysis showed that the yield of late-sown wheat under two crop rotations sprayed with streptomyces was significantly positively correlated with grains per spike,1000-grain weight and P_(n) of flag leaf,chlorophyll content and vegetation index in the middle and late filling stages(except for the vegetation index in the middle filling stage of soybean stubble).The comprehensive evaluation showed that the evaluation coefficients of each treatment of late-sown wheat under two rotations sprayed with streptomyces were higher than those of CK treatment,and the effects of spraying streptomyces at the filling stage were better than that at the jointing stage,while the both spraying streptomyces at the jointing stage and filling stage performed best.