父母教养方式的潜在类别及其与青少年学习投入和焦虑症状的关系

Latent Profiles of Parenting Styles and Their Associations with Academic Engagement and Anxiety Symptoms in Adolescents

采用简式父母教养方式问卷、学习投入量表、焦虑自评量表,对13个省市的37所中小学共计4884名青少年进行调查,运用潜在剖面分析的方法,探索父母教养方式的潜在类别,并通过其对学习投入和焦虑症状的预测来验证潜在类别的效度。结果发现:(1)从青少年的角度,父母教养方式可分成疏离忽视型(6.6%)、漫不经心型(18.9%)、温暖接纳型(48.2%)、温暖控制型(11.9%)、严苛控制型(2.9%)、严父慈母型(4.0%)和严母慈父型(7.5%)七种潜在类别;(2)父母温暖接纳型和温暖控制型的青少年拥有最高的学习投入水平,但温暖控制型的焦虑症状水平显著高于温暖接纳型;(3)父母疏离忽视型的青少年拥有最低的学习投入水平和较低的焦虑症状水平,父母严苛控制型的青少年拥有最高的焦虑症状水平和较高的学习投入水平。

Based on a latent profile analysis,the present study aims to identify the subtypes of Chinese parenting styles and their relations with adolescent academic engagement and anxiety symptoms.A total of 4884 adolescents(M_(age)=13.83,SD=2.41,51.6% females)from 37 primary and secondary schools across 13 provinces in the age Chinese mainland completed Chinese version of Egna Minnen Betraffande Uppfostran(s-EMBU-C),Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-Student(UWES-S),and Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS).A latent profile analysis was conducted and determined seven subtypes of parenting styles from the perspectives of adolescents:neglecting(6.6%),average-level undifferentiated(18.9%),warm-caring(48.2%),warm-controlling(11.9%),strict-controlling(2.9%),strict-controlling father(4.0%),and strict-controlling mother(7.5%).Adolescents of warm-caring and warm-controlling parents exhibited the highest academic engagement,whereas the latter ones showed significantly higher levels of anxiety symptoms than the former ones.In addition,adolescents of neglecting parents had the lowest academic engagement and relatively low-level anxiety symptoms.Furthermore,adolescents of strict-controlling parents had the highest anxiety symptoms and relatively high-level academic engagement.