信托协同保障老年人财产权益的制度思考

Institutional Thinking on Trust Support for the Protection of Property Rights and Interests of the Elderly

由于认知和行为能力的渐进式下降,在急剧的社会转型和人口分化过程中,老年人财产权益无法得到充分保障。信托制度具有灵活性与稳定性的优势,且《民法典》《信托法》《慈善法》已为民事信托支援老年人财产权益保障提供了制度基础。我国的信托制度可以引入意定监护制度,以设立监护信托的方式替代监护人的财产管理权,并通过完善遗嘱信托的制度构架和具体内容,确保老年人财产在其生前及生后均得到足够的法律关怀,满足老年人多层次、多样化的财产权益保障需求。

Due to the gradual decline of cognitive and behavioral abilities,the property rights and interests of the elderly cannot be fully protected in the process of rapid social transformation and demographic differentia-tion.The trust system has the advantages of flexibility and stability,and the Civil Code,the Trust Law,and the Charity Law have provided an institutional basis for civil trusts to support the protection of the rights and inter-ests of the elderly.Therefore,on the basis of comparative law investigation,the trust system can be introduced into the voluntary guardianship system to replace the guardian''s property management rights and improve the institutional framework of the testamentary trust to ensure that the elderly''s property receives sufficient legal care both before and after their death and to meet the multi-level property management needs of the elderly.