智能合约对《民法典》合同编的挑战及应对

Challenge of Smart Contract to the Contract Part of Civil Code and the Way to Deal with It

智能合约随着区块链技术的兴起而蓬勃发展,成为区块链2.0的典型代表。智能合约以代码语言表现合同内容,蕴含了当事人设立、变更、终止民事法律关系的意思表示,属于民法意义上的合同。作为自动执行的计算机化交易协议,智能合约与传统合同有很大不同,对传统合同法规则中的合同设立、效力判断、履行、变更、终止、违约救济规则提出了巨大挑战。为了应对智能合约给《民法典》合同编带来的挑战,一方面要加强技术研究,为《民法典》合同编实施提供技术平台;另一方面要完善法律治理,为智能合约的发展提供法律保障。

Smart contract is booming with the rise of blockchain technology and has become a typical repre-sentative of blockchain 2.0.Smart contract expresses the content of the contract in code language,which con-tains the intention of the parties to establish,change and terminate the civil legal relationship.It is a contract in the sense of civil law.As an automatic computerized transaction protocol,smart contract is quite different from traditional contract,which poses a great challenge to the rules of contract establishment,validity judg-ment,performance,change,termination and remedy for breach of contract in traditional contract law rules.In order to deal with the challenges brought by smart contract to the contract part of Civil Code,on the one hand,technical research should be strengthened to provide a technical platform for the implementation of the con-tract part of Civil Code;on the other hand,legal administration should be improved to provide legal protection for the development of smart contracts.