康德的时间概念:一种语法考察

Kant's Concept of Time:A Grammatical Study

从语法的角度看,完整的时间概念是一个由“个体时间—社会时间—民族时间—人类时间”所构成的多维层级结构。康德的时间概念仅涉及两端的“个体时间”与“人类时间”,缺少“社会时间”与“民族时间”这两个中间维度。在康德那里,个体时间的经验性与人类时间的先验性是越过社会时间与民族时间而直接沟通的。由于康德对时间的经验性的理解始终停留在个体(主体)的层面,而没有扩展到更广大的社会、民族层面,这就使得他无法从根本上对时间的经验性本身进行精微而细密地揭示,其经验时间的含混性与先验时间的深刻性形成强烈的反差。

From the perspective of grammar,the complete concept of time is a multidimensional hierarchical structure composed of"individual time-social time-national time-human time".Kant's concept of time only refers to"individual time"and"human time"at both ends,but lacks the two intermediate dimensions of"social time"and"national time".In Kant's view,the empiricism of individual time and the apriority of hu-man time are directly communicated across social time and national time.Because Kant's understanding of the empiricism of time always stays at the level of the individual(subject),but does not extend to the broader social and national levels,he cannot fundamentally reveal the empiricism of time itself in a subtle and detailed way,and a strong contrast is formed between the ambiguity of his experience time and the profundity of tran-scendental time.