蜡蚧轮枝菌及其在有害生物防治中的应用研究进展

Lecanicillium spp. and its application research progress in pests control

本文介绍了蜡蚧轮枝菌Lecanicillium spp.的致病性、致病机理、与其他农药的相容性及菌株基因工程改良等内容。蜡蚧轮枝菌的寄主范围极其广泛,寄主至少包括43种昆虫、3种螨类、2种线虫和5种植物病原真菌。蜡蚧轮枝菌一般通过穿透寄主体壁侵入寄主,但长孢蜡蚧菌L.longisporum通过体表寄生豌豆蚜Acyrthosiphon pisum和柑橘粉蚧Planococcus citri而致其死亡;蜡蚧轮枝菌分泌的降解酶和毒素也具有很大的开发潜力;在田间先后施用蜡蚧轮枝菌制剂和农药以及充分利用蜡蚧轮枝菌对植物的内寄生作用可能为蜡蚧轮枝菌与农药的协调应用提供新的思路;原生质体融合、诱变以及转基因是菌株基因工程改良的主要手段;最后,指出了蜡蚧轮枝菌开发过程中存在的问题以及未来的发展方向。

This paper mainly focuses on the pathogenicity,pathogenesis,tolerance for pesticides and genetic improvement and so on.The host range of Lecanicillium spp.is extremely wide,including at least 43 species of insects,3 species of mites,2 species of nematodes and 5 species of pathogenic fungi of plant;Lecanicillium spp.generally infect hosts by penetrating body wall,however,L.longisporum infected Acyrthosiphon pisum and Planococcus citri by epidermis parasitism;Degrading enzyme and toxins secreted by Lecanicillium spp.also have great development potential.Application of Lecanicillium spp.formulations and pesticides sequentially in field and full use of the internal parasitic effect of Lecanicillium spp.on plants may provide new ideas for the combined application.Protoplast fusion,mutagenesis and transgenosis are the main methods of genetic improvement.The prospects of development of Lecanicillium spp.in research and application for pests management were discussed.