增材制造数字化模型平面与非平面切片及路径规划研究进展

Research Progress on Planar and Nonplanar Slicing and Path Planning of Additive Manufacturing Digital Model

增材制造技术基于“离散-堆积”原理,通过对三维数字化模型进行数据预处理、切片与路径规划,并生成增材系统可识别的执行代码,驱动增材设备实现零件的快速制造,近年来,该技术在航空航天、汽车、船舶、医疗、建筑等行业得到了广泛应用。切片与路径规划是增材制造三维数字化模型数据处理的核心步骤,决定着制造过程的工艺变量、零件形状精度和性能。首先综述了目前增材制造中基于CAD模型、点云模型、STL模型、体素模型等多种数字化模型切片方法研究进展,并从各模型生成精度、切片算法原理、算法效率等方面展开了评述;其次,对平面与非平面的等厚度、变厚度、变方向及分区组合等多种切片算法,以及平面单区域、多区域、局部特征及非平面等多种路径规划算法进行了综述,初步分析和梳理了切片及路径规划算法的设计要点;最后,总结了目前增材制造数字化模型平面与非平面切片及路径规划的研究现状,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。

Additive manufacturing(AM)is an advanced manufacturing technology based on the principle of"discrete stacking",which drives the additive equipment to realize rapid manufacturing of parts through data pre-processing,slicing and path planning of the three-dimensional digital model,and generating the recognizable execution code of the additive system.AM has been widely used in aerospace,automobile,shipbuilding,medical,construction and other industries in recent years.Slicing and path planning are the core steps of data processing for 3D digital model of additive manufacturing,which determines the process variables,part shape accuracy and performance of the manufacturing process.Firstly,the research progress of slicing method based on various digital models such as CAD model,point cloud model,STL model,voxel model,etc.in additive manufacturing is reviewed,and comments were made on the generation accuracy of each model,the principle of slicing algorithm,and algorithm efficiency;Secondly,various slicing algorithms such as equal thickness,variable thickness,variable direction,and partition combinations for planar and nonplanar surfaces,as well as various path planning algorithms for planar single region,multi region,local features,and nonplanar surfaces are reviewed.The design points of slicing and path planning algorithms are analyzed and sorted out preliminary;Finally,the current research status of planar and nonplanar slicing and path planning in additive manufacturing digital models is summarized,and its development trends are prospected.