高速列车粉末冶金制动闸片的应用与研究

Application and research of PM brake pads for high speed train

高速列车通过制动闸片与制动盘相互摩擦作用将动能转化成热能耗散到空气中,从而实现其减速或停车。制动闸片是高速列车机械摩擦制动装置不可或缺的关键部件,其合理的结构和稳定可靠的摩擦材料性能关系着列车运营的安全性与舒适性。粉末冶金闸片因其具有稳定的摩擦因数、优异的耐磨性和耐热性、良好的环境适应性等优点,被广泛应用在高速列车上。文章对国内高速列车的机械摩擦制动与粉末冶金制动闸片的应用进行了简述,同时从闸片结构和摩擦材料两个方面对高速列车粉末冶金制动闸片开展的分析与研究工作进行了综述,介绍了固定连接、弹性连接和浮动连接3种闸片结构原理的差异及研究现状,阐述了高速列车制动闸片摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能及机理的研究。最后,对高速列车制动闸片的未来研究方向提出了展望。

High speed train reduces speed and stops by taking advantage of the mutual friction between brake pads and brake disks,turning kinetic energy into heat and dispersing in the atmosphere.Brake pad is the indispensable component in the mechanical friction braking unit for high speed train,and its reasonable structure and reliable friction performance involves the safety and comfort of train operation.PM brake pads have been widely used in high speed train because of their stable friction factors,excellent wear and heat resistance and favorable environmental adaptability.This paper sketches the application of mechanical friction brakes and PM brake pads for high speed trains in domestic market,reviews the analyses and studies implemented for the PM brake pads from the perspective of brake pad structures and friction materials,presents the differences of structure principles and research status of standard,floating and isobaric brake pads,and finally expresses outlooks on the research direction of brake pads for high speed trains in the future.