成都地区雾的气候时空特征及其与近年空气质量的关系

Climatic Characteristics of Fogs in Chengdu and the Relationship with Air Quality in Recent Years

利用成都市1980—2021年14个国家气象站的雾日、平均气温、最低气温、相对湿度等观测资料,结合PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、NO_(2)及SO_(2)等环境监测以及人口数据,对成都地区雾的气候特征及其与城市化进程、空气质量的关系进行分析。结果表明:成都地区雾日气候分布呈现中心最多、东部次之、西北部最少的区域特征;冬季最多,秋季次之,夏季最少的季节特征。且雾日整体呈下降趋势,中心地区雾日的年际变化较大。雾日数与相对湿度、气温、城市化进展密切相关。成都的发展变迁导致了各地区雾日突变年的不同,西部比东部发展更早,因而雾日突变年西部早于东部。大雾影响下,成都地区更容易出现PM_(2.5)污染。近年来,成都地区雾日越多,空气污染物浓度就会越大,尤其是PM_(2.5)浓度增大最为显著。

Based on the observation data of fog days,average temperature,minimum temperature,and relative humidity of 14 national observation stations in Chengdu from 1980 to 2021,combined with environmental monitoring data and population data such as PM_(2.5),PM_(10),NO_(2)and SO_(2),the climate characteristics of fog in Chengdu and its relationship with urbanization process and air quality are analyzed.The results show that the climate distribution of foggy days in Chengdu area shows the regional characteristics of the most in the center,followed by the east and the least in the northwest.The most is in winter,followed by autumn,the least in summer.The foggy days in Chengdu shows a decresasing trend,and the annual change rate of fog days in the central region is larger.The number of fog days is closely related to relative humidity,temperature,and urbanization progress.The development and changes of Chengdu have led to the difference of fog mutation years in different regions.The development of the west is earlier than that of the east,so the fog mutation year in the west was earlier than that of the east.Under the influence of heavy fog,the pollution of PM_(2.5)is more likely to occur in Chengdu area.In recent years,the more fog days in Chengdu area,the greater concentration of air pollutants,sepecially the most significant increase of PM_(2.5)concentration.