论20世纪40—70年代美国比较文学的多元化——以弗里德里希、韦勒克和雷马克的分歧为中心

On the Diversity of American Comparatism during the 1940-70s:A Case Study on the Disagreement among Werner P.Friederich,RenéWellek and Henry H.H.Remak

与国内单质化的“美国学派”学术史叙事不同,20世纪40—70年代美国比较文学的真正特征是多元化,而弗里德里希、韦勒克和雷马克三者存在分歧的观念与实践就是这种多元化的体现。弗里德里希作为教堂山会议的组织者和美国比较文学的推手,其务实建设的观念与实践体现了“法国学派的美国化”。韦勒克作为教堂山会议的参与者和学术史记忆的核心,体现了美国学界反对传统比较文学的面相,以及将文学视作整体来研究的理想主义信念。雷马克作为学术史记忆的创造者,因其存在问题的比较文学定义而被误认为是美国学派的代言人,但在此之外,雷马克还有更多值得重视的观念与实践,也使他成为这一时期多元化特征的见证者和推动者。

In contrast to the homogenized narrative of the“American School”in domestic academia,the real feature of American comparative literature in the 1940s-1970s was its diversity,and the differing ideas and practices of Werner P.Friederich,RenéWellek and Henry H.H.Remak exemplify this diversity.Friedrich,as the organizer of the Second Congress of the ICLA at Chapel Hill and a promoter of American comparative literature,embodied the concept and practice of pragmatic construction,which reflected the“Americanization of the French School”.RenéWellek,as a participant in the Second Congress and a core figure in the academic memory,showed the pursuit of the holistic and idealized literary scholarship and the refute of traditional comparatism.Henry H.H.Remak,as the creator of academic memory,was mistakenly considered as the representative of the American School due to his problematical definition of comparative literature,but beyond that,he had many other noteworthy ideas and practices that made him a witness and promoter of the diversity characteristic of this period.