尿液标记物在上尿路尿路上皮癌诊断中的应用研究进展

Research Progress on the Application of Urinary Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

上尿路尿路上皮癌包括肾盂癌和输尿管癌,在泌尿系肿瘤中相对少见,目前对尿路上皮癌的研究主要集中于膀胱癌,而对上尿路尿路上皮癌的研究较少;传统的上尿路尿路上皮癌诊断主要依赖于经尿道输尿管镜组织活检,然而经尿道输尿管镜组织活检属侵袭性操作,不仅增加患者痛苦和诱发血尿,还明显增加膀胱内尿路上皮癌的复发率;随着分子生物学的发展,无创的尿液标记物用于诊断泌尿系肿瘤成为近年来研究的热点,本文就尿液标记物在上尿路尿路上皮癌中的应用及进展做一综述。

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma includes renal pelvis and ureteral carcinoma,which is relatively rare in urinary tumors.At present,the study of urothelial carcinoma mainly focuses on bladder cancer,and the research on upper tract urothelial carcinoma is relatively few.The traditional diagnosis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma mainly relies on transurethral ureteroscopic tissue biopsy.However,transurethral ureteroscopic tissue biopsy is an invasive operation that not only increases patient pain and induced hematuria,but also significantly increases the recurrence rate of urothelial carcinoma in the urinary bladder.With the development of molecular biology,non-invasive urine biomarkers for the diagnosis of urinary tract tumors become a research hotspot in recent years.This article reviews the application of urinary biomarkers in upper tract urothelial carcinoma.