体育赛事活动现场视听信息采集与传播权的保护范围——基于体育赛事产业充分私权保障目的的实现

The Scope of Protection for the Collection and Dissemination Rights of Audiovisual Information of Live Sports Events—Based on the Realization of the Purpose of Adequate Private Rights Protection for the Sports Event Industry

2022年修订的《中华人民共和国体育法》新增体育赛事活动现场视听信息采集与传播权,需要通过规范分析明确其保护范围。研究认为,该权利的设立目的是为体育赛事产业提供充分的私权保障,该目的的实现需要控制体育赛事活动现场的利用。权利主体包括作为原始主体的体育赛事组织者与作为继受主体的相关权利人(即受让人与被许可人);权利客体在现阶段主要指可识别为体育赛事活动现场的图片或音视频;权利内容中的采集或传播包括首次与再次的采集或传播。采集后对权利客体的交易,在无后续传播行为的场合,仅在权利主体有门票利益损失的可控制入场的体育赛事,应认定为以营利为目的;在有后续传播行为的场合,均应认定为以营利为目的。而无论是媒介传播还是自媒体传播场合,用户付费与第三方付费均应认定为以营利为目的。无任何收益的自媒体传播,仅在权利主体有门票利益损失的可控制入场的体育赛事场合,应认定为以营利为目的。此外,为时事新闻报道的采集与传播应直接认定为不以营利为目的。

The Law of the People’s Republic of China on Sports(2022 Revision)adds the collection and dissemination rights of audiovisual information of live sports events.It is necessary to clarify its protection scope through normative analysis.The research suggests that the purpose of the establishment of this right is to provide adequate private rights protection for the sports event industry,and the realization of this purpose requires the control of the utilization of the live sports event activities.The parties of these rights include sports event organizers as the primary rights holders and the successor rights holders(assignee or licensee);the object of these rights primarily pertains to identifiable images or audiovisual recordings captured in the live sports events;the collection or dissemination aspect of the content of the right encompasses both initial and subsequent activities involved in the collection or dissemination of such content.In cases where there is no subsequent dissemination,transactions involving the rights object should be determined as for-profit only in entry-controlled sports events where the rights holders incur losses related to ticket sales;in cases involving subsequent dissemination,the for-profit should be determined in all situations.Whether media or we-media dissemination,both user-paid and third-party-funded activities should be determined as for-profit.We-media dissemination without any income should be determined as for-profit only in entry-controlled sports events where the rights holders incur losses related to ticket sales.On the other hand,collection and dissemination activities pertaining to current news reporting should be directly determined as not-for-profit.