基于3D打印技术影响成本和需求的双渠道供应链决策研究

Decision on Dual-channel Supply Chain Based on 3D Printing Technology Affecting Cost and Demand

3D打印技术的应用一方面能提高产品的定制化水平从而提高需求,另一方面也可以降低生产制造成本从而影响双渠道供应链的定制策略。基于3D打印技术对生产成本和产品需求所产生的影响,构建包含一个3D打印技术商、一个制造商和一个零售商组成的双渠道供应链博弈模型,求解制造商主导和技术商主导情形下的最优决策。分析不同主导情形下定制化敏感系数、成本节约系数和技术费对供应链成员决策和利润的影响,并对两种主导情形下的最优决策进行了比较。研究结果表明:存在技术费的取值区间,当技术费在不同区间时,技术商将选择部分定制策略或者完全定制策略;而在制造商和技术商分别主导情形下技术费取值区间的阈值是不同的。

With the increasing demand for 3D printing technology applications,the 3D printing technology vendor has become an independent decision-maker in the customized supply chain,and even become the leader of supply chain decision-making.On the one hand,the application of 3D printing technology can improve the customization level of products,thus increasing demand,and on the other hand,it can also reduce manufactur⁃ing costs,thus affecting the customization decisions of the dual-channel supply chain.For example,in 2018,BMW used HP’s 3D printing device hp4200 to produce auto parts,ensuring that customers’personalized requirements were met in a short time,and in 2014,BMW cooperated with the Faculty of Ergonomics of the Technical University of Munich to produce thumb orthosis using 3D printing technology to assist workers in production,which can improve production efficiency and reduce production costs.Based on the impact of manufacturers’application of 3D printing technology on cost and demand,a dual-channel supply chain game model consisting of a technology vendor,a manufacturer,and a retailer is constructed to solve the optimal deci⁃sion under the situation led by the manufacturer and the technology vendor respectively.The influence of the sensitivity coefficient of customization,the coefficient of cost saving and technical fee on supply chain decisionmaking and profit under different dominant situations is analyzed,and the optimal decision-making under two dominant situations are compared.First,when the impact of customization on demand and cost is different,the level of customization and pricing strategy are different under different dominant situations.Second,technology vendors always strive for supply chain dominance in order to maximize their profits.Third,there is a value interval of technical fee,when the technical fee is in different intervals,the technology vendor will choose partial customization strategy or fully customized strategy,but the threshold of the technical fee interval is differ⁃ent when the manufacturer and the technology vendor are respectively dominant.