不同付款方式下供应不确定企业的采购源与定价策略研究

Sourcing and Pricing Strategies under Supply Uncertainty with Different Payment Schemes

近几年,受发展中国家生产成本不断上涨的影响,很多企业开始撤离中国,本研究欲探究代工厂向销售国家转移的趋势与价格竞争的关系。研究基于不同采购费付款方式下以价格竞争为主企业的最优采购源和定价策略。基于订货量或到货量的付款方式一直以来是企业采购的两种主要支付方式。同时,以往的相关研究一直基于数量竞争,但现实中,企业间的价格竞争也不少,因此考虑价格竞争的采购源决策与定价问题值得进一步研究。基于此,本研究考虑采购费与订货量或到货量相关两种情况,基于价格竞争模型,研究了企业最优的采购源策略,即国内源、国外源、双源以及每种策略下最优的定价。研究发现:(1)无论在哪种采购费支付方式下,企业在价格竞争下最优的采购源策略均是采用对市场反应快的国内源。(2)在采购费与订货量相关时,企业的市场定价更高。(3)两种采购费支付方式下企业的期望利润却一样多。(4)在价格竞争下,企业更青睐能对市场做出快速反应的国内源,不同于数量竞争下的双源。本研究将为企业在价格竞争下采购源决策与定价提供决策参考。

In recent years,many companies are evacuating from China because of the increasing production costs in developing countries.This study intends to explore the relationship between shifting tides and price competition.At the same time,it analyzes whether the conclusion that is the dual-source procurement is the optimal procurement strategy when the prices of domestic and foreign suppliers are the same as the supply uncer⁃tainty’derived in the Cournot quantity competition model is still valid in price competition.By assuming two suppliers have identical supply prices,the firms’sourcing and pricing strategies with two different supply sources under supply and demand uncertainty have been investigated.Previous studies on procurement strate⁃gies were mostly on basis of quantity competition.However,price competition is much more pervasive in practice.Hence,sourcing and pricing strategies under price competition need to be further studied.By employing a price competition model,this study reveals firms’sourcing(domestic sourcing and offshore sourcing)and pric⁃ing strategies under two contrastive payment schemes:payment based on order quantity and payment based on arrival quantity.The results show that:(1)Regardless of payment schemes,the optimal purchase source deci⁃sion of a company under price competition is to use domestic sources.(2)when the procurement cost is related to the order quantity,the firm sets a higher market price,(3)the firm obtains an identical profit under the two payment schemes,and(4)under price competition,firm prefers domestic sources that can respond quickly to the market.This study employs numerical experiments to verify the conclusions of the research and proposes corresponding observations.This study will provide companies with managerial insights on purchasing source decision-making and pricing under price competition,and also provide decision support for suppliers to improve their supply response speed and obtain more orders.