乙肝疫苗计划免疫后某地区乙肝患儿的血清流行病学研究

Seroepidemiological Study of Hepatitis B Children in a Region after Planned Immunization with Hepatitis B Vaccine

目的通过血清流行病学研究,探讨乙肝疫苗计划免疫后某地区儿童乙肝患病情况。方法研究时间为2019年2月—2020年12月,采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,选择某地区完成乙肝疫苗计划免疫的300名儿童作为研究对象,对所有儿童进行血清流行病学检测,调查儿童的一般资料并进行Spearman相关性分析,用Logistic回归进行HBV感染影响因素的多因素分析。结果在300名儿童中,血清HBsAg阳性率为6.00%,血清抗-HBc阳性率为10.67%,血清HBsAb阳性率为9.33%。发现6例乙肝患儿,患病率为2.00%,均为男性,男性人群、女性人群的患病率对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Spearman分析显示男性、县级以下医院出生、剖宫产、早产、父亲HBsAg阳性、母亲HBsAg阳性、非及时接种、低体质量儿与乙肝患病存在相关性(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示父亲HBsAg阳性、非及时接种、母亲HBsAg阳性是导致乙肝疫苗计划免疫后某地区乙肝患病的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论乙肝疫苗计划免疫后某地区儿童的乙肝患病率比较低,儿童监护人HBsAg阳性、非及时接种为导致乙肝患病的危险因素,要积极加强预防性管理。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B among children in a certain area after the planned immunization with hepatitis B vaccine through seroepidemiological studies.Methods The study were conducted from February 2019 to December 2020.Used the multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method,300 cases of children who completed the planned immunization of hepatitis B vaccine in a certain area were selected as the study subjects.The seroepidemiological tests were carried out on all children,and general data of children were investigated and Spearman correlation analysis was carried out.Multivariate analysis of infl uencing factors of HBV infection was carried out by Logistic regression.Results In the 300 children,serum HBsAg positive was 6.00%,serum anti-HBc 10.67%and serum HBsAb 9.33%.In 6 children of hepatitis B,the prevalence was 2.00%,including 6 men and 0 women.There was no diff erence in the prevalence of male and female populations(P>0.05).Spearman analysis showed that there were correlation between male,being deliverd in hospital under county level,cesarean section,preterm delivery,father’s HBsAg positive,mother’s HBsAg positive,delayed vaccination,low birth weight and hepatitis B infected(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that father’s HBsAg positive,delayed vaccination and mother’s HBsAg positive were the risk factors for hepatitis B disease in certain area after hepatitis B vaccine immunization(P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence rate of hepatitis B among children in a certain area after the planned immunization of hepatitis B vaccine is relatively low.The risk factors for the prevalence of hepatitis B are HBsAg positive children guardians and untimely vaccination,and preventive management should be actively strengthened.