石膏用量对滨海盐碱地水稻产量和品质的影响

Effects of Gypsum Application Rate on Yield and Quality of Rice in Coastal Saline-alkali Soils

石膏是一种常用的盐碱稻田土壤化学改良剂,可促进水稻丰产,但施用石膏对稻米品质的影响研究较少。本试验以江苏省大面积推广的常规稻品种南粳9108为供试材料,在含盐量为0.3%左右的滨海盐碱稻田探究不同石膏施用量(0 t/hm^(2),3 t/hm^(2),6 t/hm^(2)和12 t/hm^(2))对水稻产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与不施石膏相比,施石膏显著提高了有效穗数与每穗粒数,进而增加了水稻产量(11.8%~30.6%),且产量随石膏施用量的增加而增加。在稻米加工品质方面,施石膏显著提高了精米率(1.5%~2.7%)和整精米率(2.2%~5.8%),对糙米率影响不显著;在外观品质方面,施石膏显著降低了垩白度(-24.0%~-16.2%)和垩白粒率(-43.1%~-32.6%),对长宽比无显著影响;在蒸煮食味特性方面,施石膏显著提高了胶稠度(7.6%~26.2%),降低了直链淀粉含量(-19.4%~-3.6%),而对蛋白质含量影响不显著,稻米的食味值随石膏施用量的增加而显著提升(6.1%~15.4%)。此外,施石膏显著改善了稻米糊化特性,崩解值随石膏施用量的增加而增加,消减值随石膏施用量的增加而降低。研究表明,施用石膏可协同提高滨海盐碱地水稻产量和品质,且改善效果随石膏施用量的增加而增加。

Gypsum can be used to improve saline-alkali soil fertilizer and promote rice production,but its effect on rice quality remains unclear.Nanjing 9108,a conventional rice variety widely used in Jiangsu Province,was used as experimental material to investigate the effects of gypsum application at four levels(0 t/hm^(2),3 t/hm^(2),6 t/hm^(2)and 12 t/hm^(2))on yield and quality of rice in coastal saline-alkali soils with salt content of about 0.3%.The results showed that compared to not applying gypsum,applying gypsum significantly increased the effective panicle number and grain number per panicle,thereby increasing the yield(11.8%~30.6%),the yield increased with the increase of gypsum application rate.In the aspect of processing quality,applying gyspum significantly increased the milled rice rate(1.5%~2.7%)and the head rice rate(2.2%~5.8%),but had no sinnificant effect on the brown rice rate.In the aspect of appearance quality,applying gypsum significantly reduced chalkiness degree(-24.0%~-16.2%)and chalkiness percentage(-43.1%~-32.6%),but had no significant effect on length/width ratio.In terms of cooking and eating characteristics,applying gypsum significantly increased gel consistency(7.6%~26.2%)and decreased amylose content(-19.4%~-3.6%),but had no significant effect on protein content.The taste value(6.1%~15.4%)of rice increased significantly with the increase of gypsum application rate.In addition,applying gypsum significantly improved the gelatinization characteristics of rice.The collapse value increased with the increase of the amount of gypsum applied,while the reduction value decreased with the increase of applying gypsum applied.In conclusion,applying gypsum can simultaneously improve rice yield and quality in coastal saline-alkali soils,and the improvement effect increased with the increase of gypsum application rate.