不同类型杂交稻品种在贵州兴义的高产潜力及氮肥利用特性研究

High Yield Potential and Nitrogen Fertilizer Utilization Characteristics of Different Types of Hybrid Rice Varieties in Xingyi City,Guizhou Province

选用3种类型且具有超高产潜力的杂交水稻品种(分别为籼粳杂交稻品种甬优1540、三系杂交籼稻品种蓉18优2348、两系杂交籼稻品种晶两优534)为试材,研究不同施氮量(N1,240 kg/hm^(2);N2,285 kg/hm^(2);N3,330kg/hm^(2))对水稻产量与氮素吸收能力的影响。结果表明,3个杂交稻品种产量对氮肥的响应存在较大的差异。甬优1540和蓉18优2348均在N3处理下产量最高,分别达16.83 t/hm^(2)和15.64 t/hm^(2);晶两优534则在N1处理下产量最高,达12.54 t/hm^(2)。在最高产施氮量条件下,甬优1540和蓉18优2348均拥有较高的单位面积有效穗数和穗粒数,分别达304.18万/hm^(2)、279.39粒和324.28万/hm^(2)、220.85粒,晶两优534则拥有较高的千粒重和结实率,分别达21.11 g和89.15%,且甬优1540的穗粒数和结实率均高于蓉18优2348和晶两优534。在最高产施氮量条件下,甬优1540和蓉18优2348具有较高氮素积累能力和利用效率,晶两优534氮素积累能力较低,但氮素利用效率较高。甬优1540较蓉18优2348和晶两优534具有较高的产量潜力和氮素吸收利用效率。在超高产栽培条件下,甬优1540仍可以继续增施氮肥来获得更高的产量和氮素利用效率,而蓉18优2348和晶两优534的适宜施氮量分别为330 kg/hm^(2)和240 kg/hm^(2)。

Three types of hybrid rice varieties with super high yield potential(Yongyou 1540,a indica japonica hybrid rice variety,Rong18 you 2348,a three line indica hybrid rice variety,and Jingliangyou 534,a two line indica hybrid rice variety) were selected to study the effects of different nitrogen application rates(N1,240 kg/hm^(2);N2,285 kg/hm^(2);N3,330 kg/hm^(2)) on yield and nitrogen absorption capacity of rice.The results showed that there were significant differences in the response of yield to nitrogen fertilizer among the three hybrid rice varieties.Yongyou 1540 and Rong 18 you 2348 have the highest yield under N3 treatment,reaching16.83 t/hm^(2)and 15.64 t/hm^(2),respectively,and Jingliangyou 534 has the highest yield under N1 treatment,reaching 12.54 t/hm^(2).Under the highest nitrogen yield conditions,Yongyou 1540 and Rongyou 2348 have higher effective panicles and grains per unit area,reaching 304.18×104/hm^(2),279.39,and 324.28×104/hm^(2),220.85,respectively,and Jingliangyou 534 has higher thousand grain weight and seed setting rate,reaching 21.11 g and 89.15%,respectively.Moreover,Yongyou 1540 has higher grain number and seed setting rate per ear than Rong 18 you 2348 and Jingliangyou 534.Under the highest nitrogen yield conditions,Yongyou 1540 and Rong 18you 2348 have higher nitrogen accumulation capacity and utilization efficiency.Jingliangyou 534 has lower nitrogen accumulation capacity,but higher nitrogen utilization efficiency.Yongyou 1540 has higher yield potential and nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency compared to Rong 18 you 2348 and Jingliangyou 534.Under super-high yield cultivating conditions,Yongyou 1540 can still continue to increase nitrogen application rate to achieve higher yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency.The appropriate nitrogen application rate for Rong 18 you 2348 is 330 kg/hm^(2),while Jing Liangyou 534 is 240 kg/hm^(2).