多种声音,共同世界:“一带一路”倡议与国际传播秩序重构

ManyVoices,Shared World:The Belt and Road Initiative and the Reconstruction of International Communication Order

三次全球化浪潮下的国际传播秩序变迁,以及历史上另类传播系统与“世界信息与传播新秩序”的失败,揭示出意识形态的文化领导权、媒介资源的集中垄断权和传播网络的纵向控制权是欧美国家主导国际传播秩序霸权的主要抓手,重构国际传播秩序需要依托良好的国际政治经济形势等外部环境,在意识形态共识、信息主权掌握和传播网络互动等三个方面协同发力。在此基础上,“一带一路”倡议在突破依附体系结构的同时,为重构国际传播秩序提供了崭新的可能性:第一,人类命运共同体理念和平等互鉴对话包容的文明观是解构国际传播旧秩序中长久霸占文化领导权地位的西式自由主义价值理念和文明等级观的强有力的话语实践;第二,“一带一路”倡议的行动实效为重构国际传播秩序提供了切实可靠的信息基础设施;第三,“一带一路”倡议的深化拓展再度凝聚并彰显了发展中国家在重构国际传播秩序时的能动性与团结性。这样的历史机遇要求国际传播思维应当发生从重视“一个世界”到重视“共同世界”的转向,以促进信息流动在国际传播中的平等均衡,不断推动人类命运共同体的构建与发展。

As an extension of the international political,economic and even military order in the field of communication,the international communication order is the rule that sovereign states should abide by when information flows across borders based on the consensus reached on the basis of power balance and national interests.The demands of developing countries to reconstruct the international communication order have continued from the post-colonial period after World War II to the present.This appeal comes from multiple factors such as developing countries' desire to break the barriers to their independent development and enhance their international discourse power.This paper reviews the changes of the international communication order under the three waves of globalization,namely,European-style globalization and the international communication order based on the hierarchy of civilization,American-style globalization and the international communication order based on liberalism,multi-polar globalization and the international communication order based on“dot neo-liberalism”.Also,this paper reflects on the reasons for the failure of alternative communication systems of the Soviet Union and Chile and“The New World Information and Communication Order”in history,and points out that the cultural hegemony of ideology,the centralized monopoly of media resources,and the vertical control of communication networks are the main levers for European and American countries to dominate the hegemony of international communication order.To reconstruct the international communication order,it is necessary to rely on a favorable external environment such as the international political and economic situation,and work together in three aspects:ideological consensus,information sovereignty,and communication network interaction.On this basis,this paper believes that the Belt and Road Initiative,while breaking through the dependency structure,also provides new possibilities for the reconstruction of international communication order.First,the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind and the principles of equality,mutual learning,dialogue and inclusiveness among civilizations are powerful discourse practices to deconstruct the western liberalism values and hierarchy of civilization that have long dominated cultural hegemony in the old international communication order.Second,the effectiveness of the Belt and Road Initiative provides a practical and reliable information infrastructure for the reconstruction of international communication order.Third,the deepening and expansion of the Belt and Road Initiative has once again cohered and demonstrated the agency and solidarity of developing countries in reconstructing the international communication order.This kind of historical opportunity requires a shift in our international communication thinking from focusing on“one world”to “shared world”.In the American-centered hegemonic order,countries live in “one world”which is interconnected based on neoliberalism—this is a flat world full of universalist imaginations,but actually a hierarchical world full of power domination and unfairness.The closed and single vertical communication structure controlled by America has greatly constrained the international communication effectiveness of China and other developing countries.The “shared world”emphasized in this paper is the inheritance and development of “Three Worlds Theory”under the guidance of the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind.We need to recognize the contradictions and connections among America of the first world,the developed countries of the second world,and the developing countries of the third world,use the worldview and methodology of historical materialism and dialectical materialism,re-examine the universality and particularity of the three worlds,and through sincere and friendly information exchange and communication cooperation,especially the communication interaction between the second world and the third world,to promote equal and balanced information flow in international communication,so that the systematic thinking,effectiveness thinking and global thinking of international communication can be truly implemented.Then,the greatest common divisor of all mankind's interests will be sought,and we will continuously promote the construction and development of a community of shared future for mankind.