基于聚氨酯泡沫的N掺杂多孔碳制备及其电容性能

Preparation and Capacitive Performance of N-Doped Porous Carbon Based on Polyurethane Foam

以聚二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和聚酯380为原料,采用一步法制备聚氨酯泡沫,并采用阶段性升温碳化的方式得到多孔碳材料(PUFC),探讨了升温方式和保温时间对PUFC形貌、组成和电容性能的影响。研究结果表明,阶段升温碳化得到的PUFC能够实现N自掺杂且具有较高的比表面积。将聚氨酯泡沫先以5℃/min的速率升温至240℃并保温1 h,然后以1℃/min的速率升温至500℃,最后以5℃/min的速率升温至800℃并保温2 h,得到电化学性能最佳的PUFC。在0.1 A/g时PUFC的比电容高达325.2 F/g;而且在20 A/g时,其比电容仍可达264.3 F/g,倍率性能高达81.3%,表明该碳材料具有优异的电容性能。

Polyurethane foam was prepared by one-step method using poly(4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate)(MDI)and polyester 380 as the raw materials,and then porous carbon material(PUFC)was obtained by temperature-programmed carbonization.The effects of temperature-programmed mode and holding time on PUFC’s morphologies,composition and capacitance properties were discussed.The results showed that PUFC obtained by temperature-programmed carbonization could realize N self-doping and have a high specific surface area.The polyurethane foam was first heated to 240℃at 5℃/min and held for 1 h,then heated to 500℃at 1℃/min,and finally heated to 800℃at 5℃/min and held for 2 h to obtain the PUFC with the best electrochemical performance.The specific capacitance of PUFC was up to 325.2 F/g when the current density was 0.1 A/g.Its specific capacitance could still reach 264.3 F/g at 20 A/g,and its multiplier performance was as high as 81.3%,indicating that the carbon material has excellent capacitive performance.