电动巡飞弹翼内锂电池空冷布局方法研究

Research on air cooling layout method of lithium battery in the wing of electric loitering munition

高比能锂电池组作为长航时、大功率电动巡飞弹的重要能源系统方案,在有限舱内空间以较大倍率放电时发热严重,极易导致局部热失控,引发安全问题。针对高比能动力锂电池组有限空间内的热管理问题,对锂电池的产热机理进行分析,建立了电热耦合仿真模型;针对翼盒内电池间距和引流方式对常规集中式全横向电池布局方案散热效果的影响,开展了翼内高效空冷布局方法研究。对比分析后提出了一种倒U型电池空冷布局方案,并优化了引流入口位置,有效解决了锂电池组高效空间布局和紧凑空间散热问题。仿真结果表明,优化后的倒U型布局方案能够充分利用翼内空间,使电池组平均温度不超过28.6℃,最高温度不超过30.7℃,最大温差控制至4.7℃,相比全横向布局,在提升来流风速和优化入口位置后,平均温度下降了23.5%,最高温度下降了30.4%,最大温差下降了72%,显著提升了翼内锂电池组散热性能,为电动巡飞弹锂电池组的高效空间利用和有效热管理问题提供了理论支撑。

As an important energy system scheme of long-endurance and high-power electric loitering munition,the high specific energy lithium battery pack generates a lot of heat when discharging at a large rate in the limited cabin space,which can easily lead to local thermal runaway and cause safety problems.Aiming at the thermal management problem of high specific energy power lithium battery pack in limited space,the heat generation mechanism of lithium battery is analyzed,and the electrothermal coupling simulation model is established.Aiming at the influence of cell spacing and drainage mode in wing boxes on the heat dissipation effect of conventional centralized all-horizontal battery layout scheme,the research on the efficient air cooling layout method in the wing boxes is carried out.After comparative analysis,an inverted U-shaped battery air cooling layout scheme is proposed,and the location of drainage inlet is optimized,which effectively solves the problems of efficient space layout and compact space heat dissipation of lithium battery pack.Finally,the simulation results show that the optimized inverted U-shaped layout scheme can make full use of the space inside the wing,so that the average temperature of the battery pack is lower than 28.6℃,the maximum temperature is lower than 30.7℃,and the maximum temperature difference is controlled at 4.7℃.Compared with the full horizontal layout,the average temperature decreases by 23.5%and the maximum temperature decreases by 30.4%and the maximum temperature difference decreases by 72%after the wind speed of the incoming flow is increased and the inlet position is optimized.It proves that the heat dissipation performance of the lithium battery pack in the wing can be significantly improved by the proposed method,which can provide theoretical support for efficient space utilization and effective thermal management of lithium battery pack in the electric loitering munition.