基于高分子材料的火灾预警传感器及自阻燃传感器研究现状

Research Progress of Polymer-based Fire-warning Sensors and Self-flame-retardant Sensors:A Review

随着现代社会科技的不断进步与可燃材料的广泛应用,火灾安全成为了一项全球性挑战。为了从源头减少火灾产生的负面影响,火安全传感器的研发与应用逐渐得到了人们的关注。火灾预警传感器和自阻燃传感器是火安全传感器的两大核心方向,前者以碳纳米管、氧化石墨烯和过渡金属碳/氮化物等材料最为主流,重点关注其响应速度与预警时长;后者以红磷等非卤素材料的研究为热点,着重研究传感器自阻燃自熄灭的特性,但是目前相关报道较少,研究尚不充分。本文全面讨论了基于高分子材料的火安全传感器的概念、制备、表征手段与研究意义,同时对近年来不同基材的传感器性能进行了总结与比较,发掘不同传感器的应用潜能,以期更好了解传感器的特性与工作机制,为解决目前火安全传感器领域面临的问题提供方向。

With the continuous advancement of modern technology and the wide application of combustible materials,fire safety has become a global challenge.In order to fundamentally reduce the negative impact of conflagration,the research and application of fire safety sensors have gradually attracted people’s attention.Fire warning sensors and self-flame-retardant sensors are the two cores of fire safety sensor.The former mainly uses carbon nanotubes,graphene oxide and transition metal carbon/nitride as the most mainstream materials,focusing on its response speed and alarm duration.The latter focuses on the research of non-halogen materials like red phosphorus,and the self-extinguishing characteristics of sensors are mainly studied.Nevertheless,it hasn’t been studied enough with few articles published.This review comprehensively discusses the concept,preparation,characterization methods and research significance of fire safety sensors based on polymer materials.Meanwhile,performances of different substrates in recent years are summarized and compared to explore the application potential of different sensors,so as to better understand the properties and working mechanism of sensors,providing guidance to solve the problems faced by fire safety sensors.