抗结核纳米载药系统在结核病治疗中的研究进展

Progress of anti-tuberculosis nano drug loading system in tuberculosis treatment

结核病是一种由结核分枝杆菌引起的慢性传染病,其最常见的类型是肺结核。抗结核药物的常规制剂及给药途径难以在病灶内维持有效的药物浓度,而大剂量的联合用药不良反应大,患者依从性差、不能规律服药,这又直接促使了多重耐药菌的产生。因此,研究人员一直在寻找更有效的治疗方法。近年来,医学和纳米科学的兴起推动了纳米材料的发展,纳米材料作为药物载体的应用为医学科学领域提供了一个新方向。纳米技术在包括结核病在内的传染病的诊断、治疗和预防方面具有相当大的潜力。纳米颗粒作为药物载体的主要优点是其体积小、稳定性高;增强亲水性和疏水性药物的递送、大分子在细胞内的递送;药物靶向递送到特定的细胞或组织、各种给药途径的可行性等。而且,这些载体适配性强,便于控制、缓慢和持续地从载药系统中释放药物。在此框架下,本文将综述各种组装纳米载药系统的先进材料在结核病治疗方面的应用情况及前景。

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,the most common type of which is pulmonary tuberculosis.It is difficult to maintain effective drug concentration inside the lesion by conventional preparations and administration routes of anti-tuberculosis drugs,while high-dose combination drugs have great toxic and side effects,poor patient compliance and irregular medication,which directly promotes the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria.Therefore,researchers have been looking for more effective treatments.In recent years,the rise of medicine and nanoscience has promoted the development of nanomaterials,and the application of nanomaterials as drug carriers provides a new direction for the field of medical science.Nanotechnology holds considerable potential for the diagnosis,treatment and prevention of infectious diseases,including tuberculosis.The main advantages of nanoparticles as drug carriers are their small size and high stability;enhanced delivery of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs,delivery of macromolecules in cells;targeted delivery of drugs to specific cells or tissues,and feasibility of various routes of administration.Moreover,these carriers are adaptable and facilitate controlled,slow and sustained drug release from the loading system.In this framework,this article will review the application and prospects of advanced materials for various assembled nanodelivery systems in tuberculosis treatment.