黄河与土木之变

The Yellow River and Tumu War

正统十四年,蒙古瓦刺部在也先的领导下兵分四路大举向明朝进攻,明英宗仓促亲征迎战,最终惨败被俘。明英宗的行为是极为反常的。探究其反常行为的原因,将视角凝聚于战前的黄河泛滥,试图探析其对土木之变产生的影响。

In the fourteenth year of Zhengtong, the Mongol Vara army under the leadership of Yexian attacked the Ming governmentin four directions, so Emperor Ying of Ming hurriedly fought the battle in person, and finally suffered a crushing defeat and wascaptured. Emperor Ying's behavior was extremely abnormal. To find the reasons for his abnormal behavior, this paper focuses onthe pre-war flooding of the Yellow River in an attempt to explore its impact on the Tumu War.