基于兴趣点识别生境风险的生态网络构建——以武汉城市圈为例

Construction of ecological network based on habitat risks identifying by points of interest:A case study of Wuhan Metropolitan Area

生态网络构建是国土空间生态修复的重要内容,可以有效遏制栖息地破碎的负面效应。本研究提出一种改进的生态网络分析框架,包括基于“形态-质量-功能”3个维度识别生态源地、将可以表征人类活动的兴趣点数据与生境风险评估模型结合构建生态阻力面、运用电路理论提取生态廊道3个方面。以武汉城市圈为研究区,分析生态网络关键点和网络结构特征,并将基于兴趣点与生境风险评估模型的生态阻力面构建方法与传统地类赋值法和传统生境风险评估模型构建阻力面进行对比分析,验证该框架的有效性。结果表明:武汉城市圈全域生态源地面积为1.52万km~2,生态廊道长度达1956.68 km,生态“夹点”与障碍点分别为87和67个。相较传统方法,基于改进框架识别的生态网络的物质循环度、网络复杂性以及生态连通性显著提升,网络闭合度、点线率、网络连接度平均提升61.5%、28.1%、28.7%,识别的生态“夹点”和生态障碍点可为生态修复提供精确的决策支持。

Ecological network construction plays a key role in ecological restoration,which can effectively mitigate negative effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity.Here,we proposed an improved analytical framework for ecological network identification.Specifically,ecological sources were identified using a three-dimension indicator system in terms of form,quality and functions of habitats.Ecological resistance surfaces were determined based on the incorporation of points of interest data that could characterize human activities into habitat risk assessment(HRA)model,while ecological corridors were extracted using circuit theory approach.With Wuhan Metropolitan Area as a case,we explored the key points and structures of ecological network.Moreover,we compared the construction method of ecological resistance surface based on points of interest and HRA model with traditional methods that determined by land use types and by traditional HRA model,to validate the proposed framework.The results showed that the ecological source area of Wuhan Metropolitan Area was 15200 km^(2),the length of ecological corridor was 1956.68 km,and that there were 87 ecological"pinch points"and 67 ecological barrier points.Compared with traditional methods,the material circulation,network complexity,and ecological connectivity of the ecological network identified by the improved framework were significantly improved,with network closure,dot-line ratio,and network connectivity being increased by 61.5%,28.1%and 28.7%on average.The identified ecological"pinch points"and barrier points could provide precise decision-making support for ecological restoration and conservation.