稀土矿物的固相分解研究进展

Progress in Solid Phase Decomposition of Rare Earth Minerals

稀土是重要的战略资源,从稀土矿物中提取稀土的冶金技术是稀土应用的基础。硫酸焙烧法、液碱分解法和氧化焙烧法等是稀土工业应用的冶金工艺,从稀土矿物提取稀土及伴生资源的绿色、高效冶金技术研究一直是稀土冶金研究的重点和难点。本文对钠盐、铵盐、钙盐、镁盐等固相分解剂分解稀土矿物的现状与进展进行了综述。微波加热技术、机械化学技术等与固相分解技术结合,进一步实现稀土矿物的短流程、低能耗分解,是未来稀土冶金的一个重要思路,具有广阔的应用前景。综上,针对从绿色冶金、高值化冶金方面对今后的研究方向提出建议。

As an important strategic resource,the metallurgical technology for extracting rare earth from rare earth miner-als is the foundation for its application.Sulfuric acid roasting,liquid-alkali decomposition and oxidation roasting are the metal-lurgical processes used in rare earth industry.How to extract rare earth and associated resources from rare earth minerals in a green and efficient way is always the focus and difficulty of rare earth metallurgy research.In this paper,the research status and progress on decomposition of rare earth minerals by solid phase decomposition agents such as sodium salt,ammonium salt,calcium salt and magnesium salt are reviewed.Solid phase decomposition technology,combined with microwave heating,other technology,is an important idea of rare earth metallurgy in the future,realizing the short process and low energy consumption,which has a broad application prospect.Some suggestions for future research are put forward from the aspects of green metal-lurgy and high value metallurgy in this paper.