复储之争与明景泰朝政治生态——以修德弭灾为视角

The Debate of Crown Prince Restoration and the Political Environment of the Jingtai Period in the Ming Dynasty-From the Point of the Cultivating Morality and Disaster Elimination

正统十四年(1449)北京保卫战结束后,明王朝局势稍安。随着景帝之子的薨逝,以章纶、钟同等为代表的朝臣遂借灾上疏,发起以修德弭灾为主题的复储论争,此间景泰君臣政治态度的分歧凸显。围绕储位问题,朝臣依托传统礼法规范和政治原则对景帝进行规谏,景帝也在论争中竭力表达维护自身一系的政治意向。复储之争是朝臣维护儒家伦常秩序的一次尝试和努力,是君臣政治思想博弈和碰撞的契机,深刻影响着景泰朝的政治生态与政治人物的命运。

After the end of the Beijing defense war in 1449,the situation of the Ming Dynasty was a little steady.With the death of the son of Jingdi,the courtiers represented by Zhang Lun and Zhong Tong took advantage of the disaster to launch the debate on the position of the crown prince with the theme of cultivating morality and eliminating the disaster.The political attitudes of Jingtai Emperor and his courtiers were clear.Around the question of the restoration of the crown prince,the courtiers advised Jingdi on the basis of traditional etiquette and political principles.Jingdi also tried his best to express his political intention to maintain his own system in the debate.The debate of the restoration of the crown prince was an attempt and effort of the courtiers to maintain the Confucian ethical order.It was an opportunity for the game and collision of the political thoughts of the emperor and courtiers,and had a profound impact on the political environment and political destiny of the Jingtai period.