经济政策、政治构想与私人财产权——作为重农主义反对者的卢梭

Economic Policy,Political Vision and Private Property Right-Rousseau as an Anti-Physiocrat

重农主义是18世纪下半叶欧洲重要的政治-经济改革思潮,兼有政治经济学和宪制规划的特点,而卢梭的相关思想不同于重农主义者的关键主张。他以与米拉波的书信往来为契机,在经济政策、政治构想和私人财产权三个方面与重农学派展开正面交锋。卢梭认为,重农主义的经济政策会导致农业破产,其政治构想不仅不符合语言使用习惯,在实践中还会陷入两难,而且私人财产权的性质要远比自然权利复杂。这些批判也展示了卢梭对自然法的重新界定。

Physiocracy is an important political and economic reform trend in Europe during the second half of the 18th century.It focuses on political economy and constitutional planning.The confrontation between Rousseau and the physiocrats can be presented from the following three aspects through the thread of Rousseau’s reply to Mirabeau:economic policy,political vision and private property right.Rousseau maintains that the economic policy of physiocracy will lead to agricultural bankruptcy;that its political design not only does not conform to the custom of language,but will cause dilemma in practice;that the complicated nature of private property right cannot be confined to natural right as the physiocrats argue.These criticisms also display Rousseau’s redefinition of natural law.