向海国家级自然保护区中人工恢复的退化芦苇沼泽的土壤质量评价

Soil Quality Assessment of Artificially Restored Degraded Reed Marshes in Xianghai National Nature Reserve

以向海国家级自然保护区中的已经人工恢复1~6 a的退化芦苇(Phragmites australis)沼泽的土壤质量为研究对象,采用主成分分析方法,筛选出土壤容重、pH、含水量、电导率、含盐量、有机质含量、全氮含量和全磷含量共8项理化指标;利用8项指标的数据,计算出已经恢复1~6 a的退化芦苇沼泽土壤质量的综合得分,评价恢复时间不同的退化芦苇沼泽土壤的质量。研究结果表明,随着恢复时间的增加,退化芦苇沼泽0~40 cm深度土壤的各项理化指标值发生明显变化,土壤有机质和全氮含量逐渐增大,pH和容重逐渐减小,含盐量总体呈减小趋势;8项土壤理化指标的两个主成分的方差累积解释率为94.478%,土壤有机质含量、全氮含量、容重、含盐量和pH是影响恢复芦苇沼泽土壤质量的主要因素;从0~40 cm深度土壤8项理化指标的平均值和土壤质量综合得分值看,恢复了6 a的退化芦苇沼泽的土壤质量已经与天然芦苇沼泽的土壤质量非常接近。

The soil quality of degraded reed(Phragmites australis)marshes in Xianghai National Nature Reserve that had been restored artificially for 1 year to 6 years was evaluated by 8 physicochemical indexes of the soil,including bulk weight,pH,water content,electrical conductivity,organic matter content,total nitrogen content and total phosphorus content selected by the method of principal component analysis.The results showed that with the increase of restoration time,the physicochemical indexes of the soil at 0-40 cm depth of degraded reed marshes changed significantly,the contents of organic matter and total nitrogen in the soil gradually increased,soil pH and bulk weight gradually decreased,and salt concentration generally showed a decreasing trend;the cumulative explanatory rate of the variance of 8 physicochemical indicators of the soil was 94.478%,of which organic matter content,total nitrogen content,bulk weight,salt concentration,and pH of the soil were the main factors affecting the soil quality of the restored reed marshes.From the mean value of 8 physicochemical indicators of the soil at the depth of 0-40 cm and the combined score of soil quality,the soil quality of the degraded reed marsh restored for 6 years had already been very close to that of the natural reed marsh.