植物拒盐机制的研究进展

Plant Salt-exclusion Mechanism:A Review

旨在为探索植物拒盐的内在机制、拒盐植物筛选及拒盐作物育种提供新思路。综述了植物如何通过组织结构适应、信号通路和转运蛋白基因调控等拒盐途径应对盐胁迫,阐明了内皮层凯氏带、根系内外皮层木栓化、中柱鞘和木质部薄壁细胞等在植物拒盐过程中的关键作用,明确组织结构在植物拒盐中存在物种差异性。SOS通路、NHX、HAK和HKT等转运蛋白在植物拒盐过程中起重要的调控作用,SOS通路、NHX、HAK普遍存在于根系各类细胞中,主要负责Na+排除、转运及液泡储存,HKT基因主要在木质部薄壁组织中表达,推测其在木质部薄壁细胞盐分区隔化中起作用。

This paper aims to provide new ideas for exploring the internal mechanism of plant salt exclusion,screening of salt-exclusion plants and breeding of salt-exclusion crops.The authors review how plants cope with salt stress through salt-exclusion pathways such as tissue structure adaptation,signaling pathway and transporter gene regulation,clarify the key roles of casparian strip of endodermis,suberization of endodermis and exodermis of root,pericycle and xylem parenchyma in plant salt exclusion,and elucidate the species differences in tissue structure in plant salt exclusion.SOS pathway,NHX,HAK and HKT and other transporters play important regulatory roles in the process of plant salt exclusion.SOS pathway,NHX and HAK are ubiquitous in various types of root cells,mainly responsible for Na+exclusion,transport and vacuole compartmentalization;HKT genes are mainly expressed in xylem parenchyma tissues,and it may play role of salt compartmentalization in xylem parenchyma.