不同池塘经标准化改造后尾水净化效果及水质评价

Purification Effect and Water Quality Evaluation of Tail Water after Standardized Transformation of Different Ponds

为探究以三级净化技术为基础的池塘标准化改造后各池塘水质处理效果,于2020年4月—2021年3月对苏州地区经池塘标准化改造后的扣蟹和成蟹养殖池塘(T1)、南美白对虾养殖池塘(T_(2)),鲈鱼养殖池塘(T_(3))及草鲫混养池塘(T_(4))的尾水各项指标进行跟踪监测,监测指标包括酸碱度(pH)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))、氨氮(NH_(3)-N),并进行水质评价。结果表明,监测时间内该处理系统对TN、TP、NH_(3)-N、COD_(Mn)的去除率分别在-61.78%~22.04%、-85.57%~42.89%、-38.66%~33.72%、-13.44%~12.41%,pH经处理后较为稳定,所有指标均达到SC/T 9101—2007《淡水池塘养殖水排放要求》排放标准。监测周期中T1~T_(4)处理前污染物分别以NH_(3)-N、TP、TP、TN为主,权重值分别为0.3096、0.2810、0.3241、0.2961,处理后污染物分别以NH_(3)-N、TN、TP、TP为主,权重值分别为0.3293、0.3489、0.2829、0.3405。根据模糊综合评价结果,冬季蟹塘由Ⅴ类水转为Ⅰ类水;夏秋季虾塘由Ⅴ类水转为Ⅱ类水;春季鲈鱼塘由Ⅴ类水转为Ⅳ类水;秋冬季草鲫混养塘分别由Ⅴ类水转为Ⅲ类水、Ⅲ类水转为Ⅰ类水。两坝三区尾水处理系统对苏州地区冬季蟹塘、夏秋季虾塘、春季鲈鱼塘及秋冬季草鲫混养塘的养殖尾水净化效果较佳。

In order to explore the effect of water quality treatment of ponds after the standardized transformation based on tertiary purification technology,from April 2020 to March 2021,the tail water indicators of the Eriocheir sinensis and adult crab breeding pond(T1),the Litopenaeus vannamei breeding pond(T_(2)),Lateolabrax japonicus breeding pond(T_(3))and the Ctenopharyngodon idella-Carassius auratus polyculture pond(T_(4))after the standardization reform in Suzhou area were tracked.Monitoring indicators included pH,total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),permanganate index(COD_(Mn)),ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)-N),and water quality evaluation.The results showed that the removal rate of TN,TP,NH_(3)-N,and COD_(Mn)by the treatment system during the monitoring period was-61.78%-22.04%,-85.57%-42.89%,-38.66%-33.72%,-13.44%-12.41%,respectively,the pH was relatively stable after treatment,and all indicators met the"Freshwater Pond Aquaculture Water Discharge Requirements"(SC/T 9101—2007)after three-stage purification treatment.During the monitoring period,the pollutants before T1~T_(4)treatment were mainly NH_(3)-N,TP,TP,TN,and the weight values were 0.3096,0.2810,0.3241,0.2961.After treatment,the pollutants were mainly NH_(3)-N,TN,TP,TP,with weight values of 0.3293,0.3489,0.2829,and 0.3405 respectively.According to the results of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,in winter,crab ponds water was converted from Class V to Class I;In summer and autumn,shrimp ponds water was changed from Class V to Class II;in spring,the sea bass pond water was changed from class V to class IV;in autumn and winter,the grass carp polyculture pond water was changed from class V to class III and class III to class I.This study shows that the culture tail water treatment system of the two filter dams and three purification areas has a good effect on the purification of tail water in crab ponds in winter,shrimp ponds in summer and autumn,sea bass ponds in spring and grass crucian polyculture ponds in autumn and winter in Suzhou.