配施有机替代肥及缓控肥对稻田土壤肥力的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Organic Substituting Fertilizer and Slow Controlled Fertilizer on Soil Fertility in Paddy Field

为探究配施有机替代肥、缓控肥对土壤理化性质、酶活性、微生物量及水稻产量的影响,通过田间水稻试验,设计空白对照(CK_(1))、配方施肥(CK_(2))、配施有机替代肥(C_(1))、洋丰包膜缓控肥替代(C_(2))、津大螯合缓控肥替代(C_(3))、万里神农有机缓控肥替代(C_(4))、心连心缓控肥替代(C_(5))、烟台龙灯缓控肥替代(C_(6))8个施肥处理,通过对化学性质测定,结合土壤酶活性及微生物量等指标分析,评价不同肥料与配方肥结合对稻田土壤的培肥效果。结果表明,经过2年连续施肥,与CK_(1)处理相比所有施肥处理的土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量、酶活性及微生物量均有不同程度提高,不同施肥处理水稻产量显著高出CK_(1)处理19.07%~46.58%。主成分分析与聚类分析表明,不同施肥处理下土壤肥力由高到低为配施有机替代肥>心连心缓控肥替代>津大螯合缓控肥替代>万里神农有机缓控肥替代>洋丰包膜缓控肥替代>烟台龙灯缓控肥替代>配方施肥>空白对照。配施有机替代肥和缓控肥后,土壤肥力较空白对照和配方施肥处理有所提高,其中配施有机替代肥处理对土壤肥力提升效果最好。因此,配施有机替代肥在肥料减施、增加作物产量和提高土壤肥力方面作用显著,本研究结果可为配方肥的优化提供参考。

To explore the effects of organic alternative fertilizer and slow controlled fertilizer on soil physical and chemical properties,enzyme activity,microbial biomass and rice yield,the field experiment consisting of eight treatments were conducted:control(CK_(1)),formula fertilization(CK_(2)),organic alternative fertilizer(C_(1)),Yangfeng coated slow controlled fertilizer(C_(2)),Jinda chelated slow controlled fertilizer(C_(3)),Wanli Shennong organic slow controlled fertilizer(C4),Xinlianxin slow controlled fertilizer(C_(5))and Yantai Longdeng slow controlled fertilizer(C_(6)).The effects of different fertilizers combined with formulated fertilizers on paddy soil fertility were evaluated through chemical properties,soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass analysis.The results showed that the contents of soil organic matter,alkali hydrolysable nitrogen,available phosphorus available potassium,enzyme activity and microbial biomass of C_(1)-C_(6)treatments were increased compared with CK_(1)treatment after two years of continuous fertilization.The rice yields of C_(1)-C_(6)treatments were significantly higher(19.07%-46.58%)than that of CK_(1)treatment.The principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed that the highest soil fertility was found in C_(1)treatment,followed by C_(5),C_(3),C4,C_(2),C_(6),CK_(2),CK_(1)treatment.The soil fertility of organic substitute fertilizer treatment and slow controlled fertilizer treatment was higher than that of control and formula fertilization treatments,and the soil fertility of organic alternative fertilizer treatment was the highest.The organic fertilizer plays a significant role in reducing fertilizer application,increasing crop yield and improving soil fertility.And the results of this study can provide a reference for the optimization of formula fertilizer.