中医“魂”概念的文献研究及其应用探讨

Literature research on the concept of Chinese medical‘soul’and its application

文章立足中医“魂”概念视域,参阅古今文献,尝试从“阳气化魂”“附神之灵”“肝藏之魂”及“五神之魂”4个层面系统阐述中医“魂”概念的含义。综诸古今文献,总结中医“魂”概念含义要点如下:魂源于阳气,有主动、向外之能;魂为“附神之灵”,可“随神往来”;肝体阴用阳,故藏魂用魂,肝魂生动以助肝用;五神之魂参与人高级精神活动的启动,启发认知的生成、充实与发展。基于此,总结出“魂”的生理功能,即参与调节精神活动,调节肝的功能,主持人的潜意识及躯体生物本能;简要阐述了“魂”常见的病理状态,即魂亢、魂弱和魂乱。探讨中医“魂”概念深层次的含义,有助于启发我们开拓“以魂为纲,从魂辨治”中医临床精神心理类疾病的特色治疗思路。

Based on the perspective of the concept of Chinese medical‘soul’,this paper refers to the ancient and modern literature,and tries to systematically elaborate the meaning of the concept of Chinese medical‘soul’from the four aspects of‘yang qi’,‘the spirit of god’,‘the soul of liver’and‘the soul of the five gods’.By summarizing all the ancient and modern literature,the meaning points of the concept of Chinese medical‘soul’are summarized as follows:the soul originates from yang qi and has the active and outward ability.The soul is‘with the spirit of god’,can‘come with the spirit’.The liver body yin with yang,so hide the soul with the soul,liver soul vivid to help the liver with.The spirits of the five gods participate in the initiation of higher spiritual activities,and inspire the generation,enrichment and development of cognition.Based on this,the physiological function of‘soul’is summarized,that is,to participate in regulating mental activities,regulating the function of the liver,the host’s subconscious and the body’s biological instinct.This paper briefly expounds the common pathological states of‘soul’,namely the overactive soul,weak soul and chaotic soul.Exploring the deep meaning of the concept of Chinese medicine‘soul’is helpful to enlighten us to develop the special treatment thinking of‘taking the soul as the key line,distinguishing and treating from the soul’of traditional Chinese medicine clinical mental and psychological diseases.